tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-63597601728129904222024-02-08T11:35:27.776-08:00How to writing essayWeb Research Paper Topicsalisoncrawford19760http://www.blogger.com/profile/01251117235336990655noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6359760172812990422.post-6795095821179518752020-08-27T01:18:00.001-07:002020-08-27T01:18:05.691-07:00Math questions Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsMath questions - Speech or Presentation Example vertisement: ââ¬Å"In an ongoing clinical investigation, Brand ABC* was end up being 1950 percent better than creatine!â⬠Actual brand won't be named (Sobecki et al., p. 810). Remark: For one, the announcement is missing numerical figures basic a readerââ¬â¢s seeing, for example, the likelihood that the new substance advanced would produce results inside a particular certainty span. In spite of asserting that the item is 1950% demonstrated viable, no genuine verification is introduced so the adââ¬â¢s embellishment could either raise doubt or mix interest on possible shoppers. Perusers may likewise wind up attempting to comprehend how later the investigation was made since the case doesn't go any farther than referencing ââ¬Ërecentââ¬â¢ which could mean dating to a few years back. Besides, the term ââ¬Ëclinicalââ¬â¢ seems unimportant except if supplanted by a name of a solid wellbeing establishment known to have led comparative examinations previously. By not unveiling the brand name or name, the commercial risks making a portion of the perusers believe that it is a potential hocus-pocus or that without adequate subtleties, it develops a d epreciator of another driving brand in the market. Clarification: The twofold negatives and the way wherein the inquiry is made appears to be misdirecting as it happens progressively arranged to persuade somebody to concur that coaching understudies what pass' identity is as yet significant. Odds are, on one hand, the individual being asked might be promptly and mentally molded to consider the significance of instructional exercise regardless without paying due respect on circumstances it is generally required, and on the other, the person may locate that passing understudies have no critical effect from the bombing ones. So the equivocalness of implications connected to the inquiry may cause results out of an incorrect understanding that instructional exercise is really a need and the question seems as though no apprehensions or further investigation is required. It is very clear how the use of suspect alisoncrawford19760http://www.blogger.com/profile/01251117235336990655noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6359760172812990422.post-52116845398036823062020-08-22T10:10:00.001-07:002020-08-22T10:10:19.935-07:00Lamb The Gospel According to Biff, Christââ¬â¢s Childhood Pal Chapter 8 Free EssaysPart 8 Iââ¬â¢ve figured out how to sneak into the restroom sufficiently long to peruse a couple of parts of this New Testament that theyââ¬â¢ve added to the Bible. This Matthew individual, who is clearly not the Matthew that we knew, appears to have forgotten about a significant smidgen. Like everything from the time Joshua was destined to the time he was thirty!!! No big surprise the holy messenger took me back to compose this book. We will compose a custom exposition test on Sheep: The Gospel According to Biff, Christââ¬â¢s Childhood Pal Chapter 8 or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now This Matthew individual hasnââ¬â¢t referenced me yet, yet Iââ¬â¢m still in the early parts. I need to apportion myself to shield the heavenly attendant from getting dubious. Today he went up against me when I came out of the restroom. ââ¬Å"You are investing a great deal of energy in there. You donââ¬â¢t need to invest such a great amount of energy in there.â⬠ââ¬Å"I let you know, neatness is critical to my people.â⬠ââ¬Å"You werenââ¬â¢t washing. I would have heard the water running.â⬠I concluded that I expected to go into all out attack mode on the off chance that I was going to shield the heavenly attendant from finding the Bible. I stumbled into the room, jumped onto his bed, and secured my hands around his throat â⬠stifling him as I recited: ââ¬Å"I havenââ¬â¢t been laid in 2,000 years. I havenââ¬â¢t been laid in 2,000 years. I havenââ¬â¢t been laid in 2,000 years.â⬠It felt better, there was a musicality to it, I kind of squoze his throat a piece with each syllable. I took a brief reprieve in gagging the grand host to strike him over his alabaster cheek. It was an error. He got my hand. At that point got me by the hair with his other hand and tranquilly moved to his feet, lifting me into the air by my hair. ââ¬Å"Ow, ow, ow, ow, ow,â⬠I said. ââ¬Å"So, you have not been laid in 2,000 years? What does that mean?â⬠ââ¬Å"Ow, ow, ow, ow,â⬠I answered. The holy messenger set me on my feet, however kept his grip on my hair. ââ¬Å"So?â⬠ââ¬Å"It implies that I havenââ¬â¢t had a lady in two centuries, arenââ¬â¢t you getting any of the jargon from the television?â⬠He looked at the TV, which, obviously, was on. ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t have your endowment of tongues. What does that have to do with stifling me?â⬠ââ¬Å"I was gagging you since you, by and by, are as thick as earth. I havenââ¬â¢t engaged in sexual relations in 2,000 years. Men have needs. What the heck do you think Iââ¬â¢m doing in the restroom the entirety of that time?â⬠ââ¬Å"Oh,â⬠the blessed messenger stated, discharging my hair. ââ¬Å"So you areâ⬠¦You have beenâ⬠¦There is aâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ââ¬Å"Get me a lady and perhaps I wonââ¬â¢t invest such a great amount of energy in the restroom, on the off chance that you get my meaning.â⬠Brilliant confusion, I thought. ââ¬Å"A lady? No, I can't do that. Not yet.â⬠ââ¬Å"Yet? Does that meanâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ââ¬Å"Oh look,â⬠the holy messenger stated, abandoning me as though I was close to fume, ââ¬Å"General Hospital is starting.â⬠What's more, with that, my mystery Bible was protected. I'm not catching his meaning by ââ¬Å"yetâ⬠? In any event this Matthew specifies the Magi. One sentence, yet thatââ¬â¢s one more than Iââ¬â¢ve gotten in his Gospel up until this point. Our second day in Jerusalem we went to see the incomparable Rabbi Hillel. (Rabbi implies instructor in Hebrew â⬠you realized that, right?) Hillel appeared to be a hundred years of age, his whiskers and hair were long and white, and his eyes were obfuscated over, his irises milk white. His skin was rough earthy colored from sitting in the sun and his nose was long and snared, giving him the part of an incredible, dazzle falcon. He held class throughout the morning in the external yard of the Temple. We sat unobtrusively, tuning in to him discuss from the Torah and decipher the refrains, taking inquiries and taking part in contentions with the Pharisees, who attempted to imbue the Law into consistently detail of life. Close to the finish of Hillelââ¬â¢s morning addresses, Jakan, the camel-sucking spouse to-be of my cherished Maggie, inquired as to whether it would be just plain wrong to eat an egg that had been laid on the Sabbath. ââ¬Å"What would you say you are, idiotic? The Lord doesnââ¬â¢t care at all what a chicken does on the Sabbath, you nimrod! Itââ¬â¢s a chicken. On the off chance that a Jew lays an egg on the Sabbath, thatââ¬â¢s likely a wrongdoing, come see me at that point. In any case donââ¬â¢t burn through my frigginââ¬â¢ time with that jabber. Presently leave, Iââ¬â¢m hungry and I need a rest. Every one of you, scram.â⬠Joshua took a gander at me and smiled. ââ¬Å"Heââ¬â¢s not what I expected,â⬠he murmured. ââ¬Å"Knows a nimrod when he sees â⬠uh â⬠hears one, though,â⬠I said. (Nimrod was an antiquated lord who kicked the bucket of suffocation after he pondered so anyone might hear before his watchmen what it resembles to have your own head stood up your butt.) A kid more youthful than us helped the elderly person to his feet and started to lead him away toward the Temple door. I ran up and took the priestââ¬â¢s other arm. ââ¬Å"Rabbi, my companion has originated from far away to converse with you. Would you be able to help him?â⬠The elderly person halted. ââ¬Å"Where is your friend?â⬠ââ¬Å"Right here.â⬠ââ¬Å"Then why isnââ¬â¢t he talking for himself? Where do you originate from, kid?â⬠ââ¬Å"Nazareth,â⬠Joshua stated, ââ¬Å"but I was conceived in Bethlehem. I am Joshua bar Joseph.â⬠ââ¬Å"Oh better believe it, Iââ¬â¢ve conversed with your mother.â⬠ââ¬Å"You have?â⬠ââ¬Å"Sure, pretty much every time she and your dad come to Jerusalem for a banquet she attempts to see me. She thinks youââ¬â¢re the Messiah.â⬠Joshua gulped hard. ââ¬Å"Am I?â⬠Hillel grunted. ââ¬Å"Do you need to be the Messiah?â⬠Joshua took a gander at me as though I may have the appropriate response. I shrugged. ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t know,â⬠Josh at last said. ââ¬Å"I thought I was simply expected to do it.â⬠ââ¬Å"Do you think youââ¬â¢re the Messiah?â⬠ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m not certain I ought to say.â⬠ââ¬Å"Thatââ¬â¢s smart,â⬠Hillel said. ââ¬Å"You shouldnââ¬â¢t state. You can think youââ¬â¢re the Messiah all that you need, just donââ¬â¢t tell anyone.â⬠ââ¬Å"But in the event that I donââ¬â¢t let them know, they wonââ¬â¢t know.â⬠ââ¬Å"Exactly. You can think youââ¬â¢re a palm tree in the event that you need, just donââ¬â¢t tell anybody. You can think youââ¬â¢re a group of seagulls, just donââ¬â¢t tell anybody. You get my importance? Presently I need to go eat. Iââ¬â¢m old and Iââ¬â¢m hungry and I need to go eat now, so just on the off chance that I kick the bucket before dinner I wonââ¬â¢t go hungry.â⬠ââ¬Å"But he truly is the Messiah,â⬠I said. ââ¬Å"Oh yeah,â⬠Hillel stated, snatching my shoulder, at that point feeling for my head so he could shout into my ear. ââ¬Å"What do you know? Youââ¬â¢re a uninformed child. How old right? Twelve? Thirteen?â⬠ââ¬Å"Thirteen.â⬠ââ¬Å"How would you be able to, at thirteen, know anything? Iââ¬â¢m eighty-four and I donââ¬â¢t know shit.â⬠ââ¬Å"But youââ¬â¢re wise,â⬠I said. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m sufficiently astute to realize that I donââ¬â¢t know poop. Presently go away.â⬠ââ¬Å"Should I solicit the Holy from Holies?â⬠Joshua said. Hillel swung at the air, as though to slap Joshua, yet missed by a foot. ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s a container. I saw it when I could even now observe, and I can disclose to you that itââ¬â¢s a container. Also, you comprehend what else, if there were tablets in it, they arenââ¬â¢t there now. So in the event that you need to converse with a case, and presumably be executed for attempting to get into the chamber where itââ¬â¢s kept, you go right ahead.â⬠The breath appeared to be taken out of Joshuaââ¬â¢s body and I figured he would black out on the spot. How could the best educator in all of Israel talk about the Ark of the Covenant in such a manner? How could a man who clearly knew each expression of the Torah, and all the lessons composed since, how might he guarantee not to know anything? Hillel appeared to detect Joshuaââ¬â¢s trouble. ââ¬Å"Look, kid, your mom says that some astute men came to Bethlehem to see you when you were conceived. They clearly knew something that nobody else knew. Why donââ¬â¢t you go see them? Get some information about being the Messiah.â⬠ââ¬Å"So you arenââ¬â¢t going to disclose to him how to be the Messiah?â⬠I inquired. Again Hillel connected for Joshua, however this time with no outrage. He discovered Joshuaââ¬â¢s cheek, and stroked it with his palsied hand. ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t accept there will be a Messiah, and now, Iââ¬â¢m not certain it would have any kind of effect to me. Our kin have invested more energy in bondage or under the impact points of outside rulers than we have spent free, so who is to state that it is Godââ¬â¢s will that we be free by any stretch of the imagination? Who is to state that God frets about us in any capacity, past permitting us to be? I donââ¬â¢t believe that he does. So know this, little one. Regardless of whether you are the Messiah, or you become a rabbi, or regardless of whether you are just a rancher, here is the whole of everything I can show you, and all that I know: treat others as you might want to be dealt with. Would you be able to recollect that?â⬠Joshua gestured and the elderly person grinned. ââ¬Å"Go locate your shrewd men, Joshua bar Joseph.â⬠What we did was remain in the Temple while Joshua barbecued each minister, monitor, even Pharisee about the Magi who had come to Jerusalem thirteen years prior. Clearly it wasnââ¬â¢t as large an occasion for others as it was for Joshââ¬â¢s family, on the grounds that nobody had any thought what he was discussing. When heââ¬â¢d been grinding away for several hours he was actually shouting into the essences of a gathering of Pharisees. ââ¬Å"Three of them. Entertainers. They came in light of the fact that they saw a star over Bethlehem. They were conveying gold, frankincense, and myrrh. Please, youââ¬â¢re all old. Youââ¬â¢re expected to be insightful. Think!â⬠Obviously, they werenââ¬â¢t satisfied. ââ¬Å"Who is this kid who might scrutinize our insight? He remains unaware of the Torah and th alisoncrawford19760http://www.blogger.com/profile/01251117235336990655noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6359760172812990422.post-91859625377396731782020-08-21T07:52:00.001-07:002020-08-21T07:52:44.001-07:00Inbox Outbox May 12, 2017Inbox Outbox May 12, 2017 I have been drowning in amazing books lately. Every time I tell myself Im going to work through the mountain I already own, I get a beaut in the mail or get the overwhelming urge to go to the library. So heres whats going on in my book world this week. Inbox (books acquired) Gracious: A Practical Primer on Charm, Tact, and Unsinkable Strength by Kelly Williams Brown. Its possible that Kelly Williams Brown is going to keep writing books I need to read the moment I need to read them. Remember Adulting? That was her. Shes back with this gorgeous little gem about politeness, thoughtfulness, good manners, etiquette, the whole shebang. Im so excited to start this one. We are Never Meeting in Real Life. by Samantha Irby. I was drawn in by the bright yellow cover and the snarling kitten. This is a collection of fabulous essays about culture and dating and bodies and life and all sorts of things, with biting wit and a dash of heartbreak. I love it. Daily Rituals: How Artists Work by Mason Currey. The people around me have really solid rituals and routines, and I am jealous of their dedication to them. This book is that, but with people like Franz Kafka, Jane Austen, and Agatha Christie. Gimme, gimme, gimme. Outbox (books finished) Hunger: A Memoir of (My) Body by Roxane Gay (June 13, HarperCollins). A fellow Book Rioter said they felt spoiled by the honesty in this book, and its the only way I can describe it now. Roxane Gays writing is so gorgeous and breathtaking. And her story is painful and sharp. You should get this on your summer TBR right now. In the queue (What Iâm reading next) An Age of License: A Travelogue by Lucy Knisley. I met Lucy last week and Im even more in love with her and her work now. I think this is the last of her books I have yet to read, and Im torn between speeding through it and savoring it. Its her thoughts and journals from a book tour through Europe, which she hoped would take her mind off heartbreak and real life. And its just gorgeous. A Good Country by Laleh Khadivi. This showed up in my mailbox months ago, and the world made me scared to read it. The blurb: An achingly timely novel about the radicalization of a Muslim teen in California â" about where identity truly lies, and how we find it. Teen surrounds himself with sex, drugs, and rock n roll, then finds a new group of friends who are aware of the state of the world around them and finds himself. Yes, please. My Life with Bob: Flawed Heroine Keeps Book of Books, Plot Ensues by Pamela Paul. The editor of the New York Times Book Review keeps a notebook of the books shes read (Bob. Book of books. Ha!). Since she was 16. How neat is that? This is a look at her life story told through the books she read. Because the books we read and when we read them say a lot about who we are as people. Ive been keeping this as a treat to read before bedtime. Whats your book life look like this week? alisoncrawford19760http://www.blogger.com/profile/01251117235336990655noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6359760172812990422.post-36859919339767779712020-05-25T03:27:00.001-07:002020-05-25T03:27:04.697-07:00Rhetorical Analysis Of Conan O Brien - 1235 Words For the last 20 years, literally my entire adult life, I ve been a diehard fan of late night talk show host Conan O Brien. Not only did I watch the various iterations of his show throughout the years from Late Night, The Tonight Show, to CONAN religiously for most of that time, but I ve ventured across the country to see him live several times. In fact, just last year, I achieved one of my goals of personally meeting Conan and getting a picture with him. It happened after attending one of his tapings during a week of shows at the Apollo Theatre in New York City. I ve admired Conan for his humor, intelligence, and inspiring words of wisdom he s given over the years (his commencement speeches at Harvard and Dartmouth are indicative ofâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Israeli appropriation of Arab food is nothing new. Things got a whole lot worse from there. A couple of days later, Prime Minister of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu tweeted a short video of him hosting Conan in Jerusalem. There are no words to describe the disappointment I felt when I saw that. It was bad enough Conan went to Israel and violated the BDS call, but to take company with a man who imposes an apartheid regime on Palestinians and who should be tried for war crimes was simply inexcusable. The day after, Conan made a token visit to Bethlehem and spent time with children from the Aida Refugee Camp. Commendable, but ironic given that he had just been the guest of Netanyahu who d prefer to have Palestinians stay in refugee camps and live without equal rights as Jewish Israelis. To add salt to the wound, Conan later met with female soldiers from the Karkl Battalion in the Israeli army (IDF). My jaw dropped. He was straight up participating in Israeli propaganda and the IDF was more than happy to tweet about it. I couldn t believe it. As Benjamin Norton tweeted in reply to the IDF s tweet, Conan O Brien doing PR with an army that kills Palestinians and illegally occupies and colonizes their land. Indeed, hanging out with soldiers who enforce apartheid and carry out assaults on an oppressed civilization population is reprehensible. Conan shouldn t have met and dined with Netanyahu nor cavorted alisoncrawford19760http://www.blogger.com/profile/01251117235336990655noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6359760172812990422.post-46541713143789304082020-05-14T10:22:00.001-07:002020-05-14T10:22:03.678-07:00Analysis Of Boccaccio s The Decameron - 1345 Words Throughout the various novelle of the Decameron there lies a rather conflicting role of women in relation to the society that Boccaccio s Decameron was set in. From novella to novella the theme of women s gender role fluctuates between misogynistic to feminist. It can be argued that Boccaccio was a feminist ahead of his time or that he shared the traditional views towards women of 14th century Italy. Overall, it is fair to say that Boccaccio does depict women as transcending men in many respects, some of them being positive, and some negative. I believe there is a deeper meaning behind Boccaccio view s towards women which I will elaborate on below. Giovanni Boccaccio was born in Florence (Certaldo) in 1313. He was raised predominately by his mother and according to New Advent Encyclopedia he was a ââ¬Å"steadfastâ⬠son who greatly admired his mother and looked upon his father with some disdain.(1) From what i ve read not much is known about Boccaccioââ¬â¢s childhood and as a result, reports mention Boccaccioââ¬â¢s relationship with his father as being mediocre. Most sources comment that Boccaccio was very close to his mother. I believe there is an important connection of his relationship with his mother and the way he portrays women in the context of his writings. When taking this connection into consideration, the gender roles depicted in the Decameron can be better interpreted. Boccaccio s opinions on love and his subsequent writings were not only influenced by his personalShow MoreRelatedcritical appreciation1066 Words à |à 5 Pagesof ship. The setting of Eliot s Preludes is a modern city with its people leading a mechanical life. The words also convey the same sense. And short square fingers stuffing pies, And evening newspapers, and eyes, Assured of certain certainties... Context- The context gives us the time and location of the poem. It is what prompted the poem. The context might be an event of great political significance like the French Revolution. It prompted P.B. Shelley s famous, Ode to the West WindRead MoreChristians, Jews, and the Black Plague1707 Words à |à 7 Pagesdeafening thunder, lightning bolts, hailstones, and eight-legged worms that killed with their stenchâ⬠(Cohn, 2002, p. 706). The medieval writer and plague survivor Boccaccio would write that ââ¬Å"Either because of the influence of heavenly bodies or because of Godââ¬â¢s just wrath as a punishment to mortals for our wicked deedsâ⬠(Boccaccio, 2010, p. 7). An affliction so great and mysterious as the plague could only have been caused by Godââ¬â¢s power, while the only reason God would have for sending such aRead MoreBlack Plague And The Black Epidemic1337 Words à |à 6 Pageshappens that the world gets into panic mode. All of this panic comes from the Bl ack Death. In this synthesis and analysis essay I will cover the places the Black Plague reached, the effects of the Black Plague, and the thoughts of the people that lived in that time along with their beliefs on the Black Plague. The Black Plague or Black Death first occurred in China around the 1330ââ¬â¢s. Actually this is only a theory, because no one really knows where the disease first started. This plague mainlyRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare2480 Words à |à 10 Pagesà Othello is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1603. It is based on the story Un Capitano Moro by Cinthio, a disciple of Boccaccio, first published in 1565. This tightly constructed work revolves around four central characters: Othello, a Moorish general in the Venetian army; his beloved wife, Desdemona; his loyal lieutenant, Cassio; and his trusted but ultimately unfaithful ensign, Iago. Given its varied and enduring themes of racism, love, jealousy, betrayal, revengeRead MoreOthello : William Shakespeare s Othello2542 Words à |à 11 Pageshave been about twelve years until Shakespeare wrote his comedy Othello and it was first performed at the court of James I in November of 1604. à ¢â¬Å"William Shakespeare s early plays were written in the conventional style of the day, with elaborate metaphors and rhetorical phrases that didn t always align naturally with the story s plot or characters. However, Shakespeare was very innovative, adapting the traditional style to his own purposes and creating a freer flow of words(William).â⬠He was alisoncrawford19760http://www.blogger.com/profile/01251117235336990655noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6359760172812990422.post-67937861262628835782020-05-06T15:05:00.001-07:002020-05-06T15:05:08.025-07:00The Death Of Ivan And The Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka Tiffani Cao ENG 2850 Professor Sylvor Self-knowledge Death is an inevitable concern that no one can understand completely. While it has the potential to instill fear, the thought of death also instigates individuals to reflect upon the life he or she has lived. In ââ¬Å"The Death of Ivan Ilychâ⬠by Leo Tolstoy and ââ¬Å"The Metamorphosisâ⬠by Franz Kafka, the two authors capture this reflecting of life within the lives of Ivan Ilych and Gregor Samsa. Although both Ivan Ilych and Gregor Samsa experience an unfortunate fate of death, the protagonists were able to find self-knowledge through analytical observations of their surroundings and were able to resolve the issues before their death. Before Ivan Ilych accepted his fate of death, he was known as an examining magistrate. Ivan Ilych attended the School of Law assimilating the values and behaviors of bourgeois,ââ¬â¢ thus Ilychââ¬â¢s view of a ââ¬Å"perfectâ⬠lifestyle consists of being wealthy and achieving high social class. His view is ironic because it contradicts with the natural self and propriety self that he is living in. Ilych imitates the ideals of social acceptability and the proprietary morals of how he must act like. For example, Ilych comments ââ¬Å"What must I do to be like others, to be acceptedâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (749). Ilychââ¬â¢s mortality comes from the people around him, thus he has no meaning to his life because he does not have his own idealistic beliefs of what his life should be. Additionally, Ivan Ilych discusses of the matter of when his wife,Show MoreRelatedThe Death Of Ivan Ilych By Leo Tolstoy And Franz Kafka s The Metamorphosis1103 Words à |à 5 Pagesout because their plot is both driven by the central character, but also the effect the minor character has on both the central character and the overall plot, those works being ââ¬Å"The Death of Ivan Ilychâ⬠by Leo Tolstoy and Franz Kafkaââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Metamorphosisâ⬠. ââ¬Å"The Death of Ivan Ilyichâ⬠by Leo Tolstoy is about a man (Ivan) in middle age who has lived a ââ¬Å"most simple and most ordinary life and therefor the most terribleâ⬠(pg. 1446). He spent his life climbing the social ladder, he married a woman becauseRead MoreSurvival in One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich by Solzhenitsyn and The Metamorphosis by Kafka1245 Words à |à 5 PagesSurvival in One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich by Solzhenitsyn and The Metamorphosis by Kafka In both One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, written by Solzhenitsyn, and The Metamorphosis, written by Kafka, there were struggles for survival in face of oppression. Both of the protagonists Read MoreAn Existential Crisis2417 Words à |à 10 Pagesquestions the very foundations of their life: whether their life has any meaning, purpose, or value. Sometimes there are men who will accept their fate graciously. Two works that depict these ideas are ââ¬Å"The Death of Ivan Ilychâ⬠by Leo Tolstoy and ââ¬Å"The Metamorphosisâ⬠by Kafka. In both works by Tolstoy and Kafka, the main characters at some point question their livesââ¬â¢ and what life means to them. In order to question oneââ¬â¢s life, it would be necessary that one evaluate the decisions they make. A personââ¬â¢s lifeRead MoreBelonging Essay4112 Words à |à 17 Pageswikipedia.org/wiki/The_Kite_Runner Hosseini, Khaled A thousand splendid suns AF YA Irving, John The cider house rules AF Ishiguro, Kazuo Never let me go AF Hulme, Keri The bone people AF Jones, Lloyd Mister Pip AF Joyce, James Ulysses AF Kafka, Franz Metamor phosis AF Kesey, Ken One flew over the cuckooââ¬â¢s nest AF Keneally, Thomas The chant of Jimmie Blacksmith AF King, Stephen Carrie AF Lee, Harper To kill a mockingbird AF YA Li, Yiyun A thousand years of good prayers AF London, Jack White fang AFRead MoreThe Theory, History, and Development of Magical Realism Essay examples3188 Words à |à 13 PagesMagical realism is more a literary mode than a distinguishable genre and it aims to seize the paradox of the union of opposites such as time and timelessness, life and death, dream and reality and the pre-colonial past and the post-industrial present. It is characterized by two conflicting perspectives. While accepting the rational view of reality, it also considers the supernatural as a part of reality. The setting in a magical realist text is a normal world with authentic human characters. It isRead MoreExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words à |à 94 PagesCamus Moving beyond Sartre s existentialism, Camus explored the meaninglessness and absurd nature of the human condition. Many Others Other existential philosophers includeà Simone de Beauvoir,à Martin Heidegger,à Karl Jaspers,à Gabriel Marcelà andà Franz Kafka. Existentialist philosophy was also influenced by many other works, including those ofà Friedrich Nietzsche, G. W. F. Hegel, Fyodor Dostoevsky andà Edmund Husserl. 1. Sà ¸ren Kierkegaardà (1813ââ¬â1855) was a Danish philosopher who contributed greatly alisoncrawford19760http://www.blogger.com/profile/01251117235336990655noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6359760172812990422.post-90057192346828159982020-05-05T16:36:00.001-07:002020-05-05T16:36:19.106-07:00Logistics And Supply Management Case Study ââ¬Myassignmenthelp.Com Question: Discuss About The Logistics And Supply Management Case Study? Answer: Introducation One of the major factors of success by Zara in global fashion industry is its operation management, out of which Logistics and Supply Chain management plays the most vital role. The company was launched in 2012 by Ortega as the unique retail concept. Out of the total turnover of US $ 20.7 billion, Zara has represented through their major share contribution of 66 percent amounting to US $ 13.6 billion. The normal production trend of Zara is 450 million annually it is amazing to note the efficiency level of the company to manage such big and enormous volume produced every year through supply chain with the logistics management efficiently controlled to meet the requirements of the stores in time globally. (Anon., 2015) Coordination between operations and business strategy- Zara The coordination between operations and business strategy of Zara is found unique by prioritizing the need of the business with proper emphasis on the need of the customers. The company is accomplishing its growth objective by diversification of operation empowered with vertically integrated system. The company is engaged in specialized mode of design through couture with the operation process of manufacturing, distribution and retailing of clothes within the period of two weeks of the original design as displayed in catwalks. Thus the concept of Rapid Fire Fast Fashion Strategy is applied to Zara. Just in Time Production Main feature of fashion industry is to deliver the fashionable and trendy outfits for different class of target audience in such integrated and controlled system so that the customers can feel it Just in Time. It is the normal operation practice of Zara to keep significant inventories for its in-house production to assure that the factory reserves of Zara should be maintained in the level of 85% of total capacity to meet the timely requirement. This feature can provide the flexibility for Zara to fix its priority regarding the amount, variety of new products and frequency of products for launching. The company mainly depends upon headquarters in Spain for the production process including its sophisticated raw materials. The statistics shows that Zara runs its production process with the commitment of six months advance of 15 to 25% of benchmark line of season with the locking of 50 to 60 percent of its production process during the tart of the season. This effort results to conformat ion of 50 percent of its new products are designed and produced during the middle of the season. This practice ensures the company to sale 85% of its product with full price where as the industry trend is 60 to 70 percent. The percentage of unsold materials is only 10% of finished goods inventory which is phenomenal comparing to the industry average of 17 to 20 percent. As a result of this manufacturing strategy, Zara can sell most of its items in full price and the total overhead costs is mitigated through reduced merchandising cost as compared to that of competitors. For this factor the company can afford extra overhead costs in labor and shipping to match customers demands. Inventory management- Zara It is rarely found in the inventory system of Zara that there is stacking of inventory of obsolete products in the warehouse as the company is more concentrating on the concept of lean for the rolling process of raw materials to finished goods in the stores. The model of optimizing inventory is practiced by Zara so that the company can determine to be delivered to the respective stores through arranged shipment of twice of each week. The quantity of delivered stock is limited to ensure that each store should have the product as per their requirement. This practice enhances brand image to exclusiveness by avoiding pile up of unwanted inventories. The company has the capacity for quick turnaround within the season in their manufacturing facilities in Spain which allows the company to make frequent shipment of smaller size of batches. These small batches mitigate the harm of getting unpopular products stacked in the stores with the lesser loss for the company related to unsold inventory. Centralized Logistics Zara has the integrated practice of placing two orders from stores weekly with specified days and time which are being catered in time with specific items properly labeled and priced as per the practice of Zara. This process can ensure involvement of human resource in all levels of operation management right from procurement to retail with the defined timeline with coordination between departments. Distribution network The strong practice of distribution network of Zara ensures deliverance of finished goods to the European outlet by 24 hours while for overseas stores of US or Asia the cut-out time form delivery is specified as maximum 40 hours. As per by the case study wrote Nelson Fraiman in 2010 , a professor of Columbia Business School, the lean time for getting shape of the product from design to stores is 15 days for Zara while the other takes 6 months as industry standard. Fast Fashion- success story of Zara This success story is not any magic, but is the result of well organized and strategic application of the operation management of Zara. The entire process consisting of design, procurement, manufacturing, distribution and placing in the shelves are working in such way that the success of the system is only announcing its successful implementation.(Lu, 2014) Conclusion Zara is a big name in global fashion industry and with its unique operation management; it proves its worth to be on top of the industry globally. Different steps of operation management are working in well coordinated manner and this proves the worth of the brand. Think of low cost trendy garments to match pocket of low ability customers Make exclusive brands restricted to the premium stores Open regular stores for pocket friendly budget products Expansion process to be continued in countries of lower GDP References: Adam, P., 2013. The Strategic Management Analysis of ZARA (Relative to the Case in Developing Countries). [Online] Available at: https://www.academia.edu/5492552/The_Strategic_Management_Analysis_of_ZARA_Relative_to_the_Case_in_Developing_Countries_ [Accessed 13 September 2017]. Anon., 2015. LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT OF ZARA A CASE STUDY. [Online] Available at: https://progressivewritingskills.wordpress.com/2015/04/28/logistics-management-of-zara-a-case-study/ [Accessed 13 September 2017]. Anon., 2016. Strategy-The Secret of Zaras Success: A Culture of Customer Co-creation. [Online] Available at: https://martinroll.com/resources/articles/strategy/the-secret-of-zaras-success-a-culture-of-customer-co-creation/ [Accessed 13 September 2017]. Chettupalli, S., 2016. Supply Chain Managment of Zara. [Online] Available at: https://blog.scmglobe.com/?page_id=1513 [Accessed 13 September 2017]. Lu, C., 2014. Zara supply chain analysis - the secret behind Zara's retail success. [Online] Available at: https://www.tradegecko.com/blog/zara-supply-chain-its-secret-to-retail-success [Accessed 13 september 2017]. Sowray, b., 2015. The 5 ingredients of Zara's success. [Online] Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/brands/the-5-ingredients-of-zaras-success/ [Accessed 13 September 2017]. Textiles, Z., 2011. Zara Textilesd Pvt. Ltd. [Online] Available at: https://www.zaratextiles.com/vision.php [Accessed 13 September 2017]. Zhelyazkov, G., n.d. Agile Supply Chain: Zara's case study. [Online] Available at: https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=6cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwiIo7PQ6qHWAhUBu48KHZ6UBKsQFghLMAUurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Ffile.PostFileLoader.html%3FassetKey%3DAS%253A273761356451852%25401442281201894%26id%3D55 [Accessed 13 September 2017 alisoncrawford19760http://www.blogger.com/profile/01251117235336990655noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6359760172812990422.post-28046050600305888822020-04-07T02:03:00.001-07:002020-04-07T02:03:02.246-07:00Spring Silkworms Essay Research Paper Spring Silkworms free essay sample Spring Silkworms Essay, Research Paper Spring Silkworms # 8220 ; Spring Silkworms # 8221 ; reflected the life in a small town where for 100s of old ages the form of mundane life seemed to hold remained mostly unbroken. It besides inspires a batch of societal qualities. The feelings that the narrative mourned over are really cosmopolitan and common in people during that clip. All the household in the small town ran a silkworm concern. They were ran by their ain household excessively because engaging people would be more money. Family member was decidedly the cheapest and safest human resource. Old T # 8217 ; ung Pao # 8217 ; s household was rather successful when he was immature. However, the phosphoric did non keep after a coevals. Yet, the construction and adversity of his household continued to mirror the rigidness of traditional Chinese society. They borrowed money to purchase more mulberry trees for the silkworms. After they had sold the silk, they would refund portion of the debt. We will write a custom essay sample on Spring Silkworms Essay Research Paper Spring Silkworms or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There is neer plenty to cover the whole debt because the crop was ever worse than they expected. Even if they had a great crop on the cocoons, there would non be adequate people to whirl the silk. They were neer be able to acquire out of debt. It is astonishing how they managed to last under such hapless economic system. Thingss such as foretelling crop by the sum of sprouts that a garlic put out, the manner they isolated Lotus believing that she would convey bad fortune to them merely because her household had a bad crop, and Huang # 8217 ; s involvement in Taoism, they were all somehow contemplation of Mao # 8217 ; s fondness. Just around the same period of clip, he has been promoting the provincials for abandoning the worship of Gods and rejecting Buddhism. T # 8217 ; ung Pao hated the aliens. Since they brought in foreign goods in, in other words, they brough in competitions. The planetary power seemed to hold shifted irrevocably from East to West since the Opium War in 1842, in a clang of civilizations amid an ambiance of ignorance an vitamin D haughtiness on both sides. Of class the Chinese believed themselves as the ââ¬Å"good guysâ⬠and the British as ââ¬Å"the bad cats. Tââ¬â¢ung Pao and his small town besides possessed this skewed nonreversible position on the aliens merely because their concern was affected. His friend told him that Kuomingtang authorities was traveling to ââ¬Å"throw out the foreign devilsâ⬠. However the Westerners merely view it as a by and large unequal struggle that was. Until now, although there is no more rejection of aliens, people in China still name them ââ¬Å"Ghostsâ⬠or ââ¬Å"Red-head Green-eyes monstersâ⬠in merely because it has been their wont for a hundred old ages. Mao Tung # 8217 ; s authorship shows that literary platform is cosmopolitan and national, and so as feelings. The writer # 8217 ; s subject will merely be the go-between of nonsubjective factors # 8211 ; a lens transforming the of import nonsubjective facts # 8211 ; the life of the state and of the whole world. He asserted his attachment to realistic traditions. He used characters which was considered to be the chief component of a literary work and the most successful are those in whom integrity of single and general is reflected. # 8220 ; Spring Silkworms # 8221 ; reveals the feelings of the old Chinese, express their sorrows and hopes, to attest the resolute opposition of how the Old T # 8217 ; ung Pao # 8217 ; s household against the challenge of an unknown destiny. It could be said as an about existent life experience cross the clip period. However, one thing we could neer larn about from his narrative is that it did non have the grasp it deserved. He expressed the compl exness of seeing the universe but forgot about adverting his literature position. It would be no point in depicting such affair as he ever believed. They are subjective and non cosmopolitan nature and as such can non be transferred to others or made to intensively affect them. Sadly, the alleged personal trifles which are considered as non worth depicting by Mao Tun, are believed to bear no relation whatsoever to life. alisoncrawford19760http://www.blogger.com/profile/01251117235336990655noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6359760172812990422.post-91469615179038250642020-03-09T02:30:00.001-07:002020-03-09T02:30:03.655-07:00Free Essays on GargantuaFrancois Rabelaisââ¬â¢ Gargantua: A Record of Life in Contemporary 16th Century France Francois Rabelaisââ¬â¢ satirical book Gargantua appeared as Europe was experiencing the widespread transition from the late middle ages into the early modern era. During this period of the High Renaissance, a shift in consciousness and values was occurring that was typified by the new movement of humanism. Rabelais illustrates this new humanist mentality through his biographical writings of a giant named Gargantua. Embedded within the story of Gargantuaââ¬â¢s life lies Rabelais opinions and attitude towards religion, individualism and the institutions of the church and the monarchy. Throughout Gargantua, Rabelais criticizes such subjects as scholasticism, belief in the supernatural, the adherence to rules, the monarchy, the church and the vice of monasticism, and advocates a humanist education and individualism. Through his use of diverse and comical characters placed within a racy and scatological storyline, Rabelais is able to give the reader a unique glimpse into the i ntellect and morality of contemporary French society at a time in between eras. He opens his work with a piece supporting the authenticity of the record of the young giantââ¬â¢s genealogy. According to Rabelaisââ¬â¢ Gargantua, Grandgousier, the giant king of Theleme, and his wife Gargamelle were expecting a child. It was during the eleventh month of Gargamelleââ¬â¢s pregnancy that she had eaten too many tainted tripe and gone off to play games and frolic at the Willow-grove. It was here that Gargamelle began to feel ââ¬Å"disturbed in her lower partsâ⬠, and proceeded to give birth to a child from her left ear. This large child was appropriately named Gargantua. Though this sounds strange and unbelievable, Rabelais supports his statement with following argument: Is this a violation of our law or our faith? Is it against reason or against Holy Scripture? For my part I find nothing... Free Essays on Gargantua Free Essays on Gargantua Francois Rabelaisââ¬â¢ Gargantua: A Record of Life in Contemporary 16th Century France Francois Rabelaisââ¬â¢ satirical book Gargantua appeared as Europe was experiencing the widespread transition from the late middle ages into the early modern era. During this period of the High Renaissance, a shift in consciousness and values was occurring that was typified by the new movement of humanism. Rabelais illustrates this new humanist mentality through his biographical writings of a giant named Gargantua. Embedded within the story of Gargantuaââ¬â¢s life lies Rabelais opinions and attitude towards religion, individualism and the institutions of the church and the monarchy. Throughout Gargantua, Rabelais criticizes such subjects as scholasticism, belief in the supernatural, the adherence to rules, the monarchy, the church and the vice of monasticism, and advocates a humanist education and individualism. Through his use of diverse and comical characters placed within a racy and scatological storyline, Rabelais is able to give the reader a unique glimpse into the i ntellect and morality of contemporary French society at a time in between eras. He opens his work with a piece supporting the authenticity of the record of the young giantââ¬â¢s genealogy. According to Rabelaisââ¬â¢ Gargantua, Grandgousier, the giant king of Theleme, and his wife Gargamelle were expecting a child. It was during the eleventh month of Gargamelleââ¬â¢s pregnancy that she had eaten too many tainted tripe and gone off to play games and frolic at the Willow-grove. It was here that Gargamelle began to feel ââ¬Å"disturbed in her lower partsâ⬠, and proceeded to give birth to a child from her left ear. This large child was appropriately named Gargantua. Though this sounds strange and unbelievable, Rabelais supports his statement with following argument: Is this a violation of our law or our faith? Is it against reason or against Holy Scripture? For my part I find nothing... alisoncrawford19760http://www.blogger.com/profile/01251117235336990655noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6359760172812990422.post-16292752072300758592020-02-21T16:54:00.001-08:002020-02-21T16:54:03.671-08:00Hypothetical international law questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsHypothetical international law questions - Essay Example Answer: As per the UN Charter of human rights, human rights of all the passengers are violated in this case. According to the International Convention Against Taking of Hostages(1979) the passengers can seek damages for the violation of their human rights. 2. They can argue that they are political criminals fighting for a just cause and are not terrorists, and it is very important principle of the International law that extradition for political crimes is not allowed. 1. The act of USA's military forces gathering just outside Libya's twelve-mile territorial sea, but within plain view of the Libya coastal defense forces is a hostile act and can be considered as an act of war against Libya. USA can not resort to such tactics without clear cut evidence of the participation of the Libyan State in the crime of hijacking, otherwise it has to be considered as a terrorist act committed by some individuals. Even if USA was convinced that the some Libyan Political leaders are clandestinely involved in this crime, in that case USA should have approached the UN security council first to take a collective action for protecting the interests of the passengers on board the aircraft. 2. alisoncrawford19760http://www.blogger.com/profile/01251117235336990655noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6359760172812990422.post-18831757007031301812020-02-05T10:47:00.001-08:002020-02-05T10:47:03.837-08:00Litrture review on self and identity in stutters EssayLitrture review on self and identity in stutters - Essay Example These disruptions c) usually occur frequently or are marked in character and d) are not readily controllable. II. Sometimes the disruptions are e) accompanied by accessory activates involving the speech apparatus, related or unrelated body structures, or stereotyped speech utterances. These activities give the appearance of being speech-related struggle. III. Also, there not infrequently are f) indications or reports of an emotional state, ranging from a general condition of "excitement" or "tension" to more specific emotions of a negative nature such as fear, embarrassment, irritation, or the like. g) the immediate source of stuttering is incoordination expressed in the peripheral speech mechanism; the ultimate cause is presently unknown and maybe complex or compound (p. 498). Stuttering relates to developmental disorders: it gradually or suddenly develops in children that initially demonstrate signs of normal fluency of speech (Guitar, 1998). Although aetiology of stuttering is not fully clear it is generally considered a multifactorial disorder that involves affective, behavioural, and cognitive elements (Yaruss & Quesal, 2004). Cooper and Cooper (1995) identify three types of stuttering: Remediable stuttering when children are able to overcome their disfluencies by learning and applying techniques that are supervised by a speech and language therapist. In addition, family and friends involvement is necessary to be able to reach almost normal or acceptable level of fluency. Chronic preservative stuttering which is the most devastating and least common case of stuttering. Moreover, individuals with this type often do not stabilize in their fluency although they have been able to achieve it with therapy. Individuals that reach adolescents with out an acceptable level of fluency from treatment have a more chance of developing chronic preservative stuttering. Characteristics of stuttering vary from blocks to alisoncrawford19760http://www.blogger.com/profile/01251117235336990655noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6359760172812990422.post-32796818954744674482020-01-28T07:11:00.001-08:002020-01-28T07:11:07.671-08:00What Are The Concepts Of Geoengineering Environmental Sciences EssayWhat Are The Concepts Of Geoengineering Environmental Sciences Essay Climate change is already affecting the inhabitants, economies, and environment of all regions of the world. Scientific evidence now clearly indicates that human activities such as fossil fuel burning and deforestation have initiated significant climatic change. These anthropogenic activities produce greenhouse gases emissions into the atmosphere, which heat up the atmosphere causing global warming. The impacts of global warming, which are mostly linked with extreme climate events, are mostly dangerous and are expected to continue and intensify in the future. Today, climate policies for global warming are mostly focused on the mitigation of greenhouse gases emissions through regulation. Yet, concerns regarding the slow progress on achieving global emission reductions and uncertainties as to whether regulation can solve global warming, have led some of the worlds scientific and political groups to suggest the possibility of directly manipulating the Earths climatic feedback system (Ra lston, 2009). Such a deliberate, large-scale manipulation of the environment is called Geoengineering (Greencarcongress.com, 2009). The idea of geoengineering is to mitigate the effect of fossil fuel burning on the climate through high-efficiency technologies whether by removing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, or by reflecting sunlight away from the Earth. The proposed projects include capturing carbon dioxide from ambient air, enhancing weather system, injecting sulphate aerosol into the stratosphere, locating sunshades on the Earths surface, and launching reflective materials into the atmosphere, just to name a few (The Royal Society, 2009). Despite the hopeful sound of these geoengineering proposals, scepticism about whether they are scientifically possible, politically feasible, and ethically justifiable remains. Although there still remain the potential of devastating risks, such as drought in Africa and Asia, ozone depletion, and other unexpected consequences, the deployment of geoengineering presents scientific, political, and ethical challenges to addressing climate change. One of the most significant challenges posed by geoengineering is the scientific issue. While not all scientists agree with the concept of geoengineering, there is the challenge as to whether developing and deploying geoengineering projects on a massive scale are scientifically practicable. Although there are some current technologies that allow these projects, most of them are technically unproven and potentially dangerous to the environment. Given such uncertainties, the scientific soundness of geoengineering has been brought into question. Its not only ethicists and policy makers who question its practicability but also scientists themselves dismiss this idea as infeasible and risky given the scale at which most projects must be instituted and the associated catastrophic consequences. Many still doubt its applicability. For example, the National Academy of Sciences committee on science, Engineering, and Public Policy commented that engineered countermeasures on climate change must first be evaluated before implementation and clear cut understanding on the direct effects and potential side effects, risks and ethical issues must be sought. Some scientists have argued that some of the effects of these technologies are short-term and may be turned-off but others may have long-term effects yet we still cant rely on our current range of scientific experience. Economists in various parts of the globe are working hard to develop least-cost and optimal paths in geoengineering development. Some of their attempts have minimal scientific interest with limited policy and practical value. The main reason for it is because today we have inadequate knowledge on geoengineering risks and costs. It transpires that outputs of cost modelling developed by economists end up being determined by uncertain input assumptions. There is limited cost-benefit climate impact assessment that is simple and economically focused that can provide results relevant to the current policies. Economic analysis on whether to do emissions mitigation or geoengineering is inappropriate (Barret, 2007). This clearly means that more economic research is required so that policy decisions on geoengineering can be made. It is estimated that costs of conventional mitigation may be 1% or 2% of the global GDP and this is almost 1 trillion annually. This is the amount of money that is re quired to avoid risks of current emissions approaching 10GtC/yr. the carbon price corresponding to this is $100 per tone. Costs of SRM (solar radiation management) methods require 1 trillion annually in order to be affordable. CDR (carbon dioxide removal) methods costs would be comparable to carbon mitigation costs of $100/tonne of carbon. Its difficult to establish estimates of costs for geoengineering technologies. There are only tentative estimates available for the methods to be applied (Robock, 2009). Greatest challenge in deployment of geoengineering methods is the political and legal issues associated with governance but rather not in technical and scientific issues. Pre-existing national mechanisms may be sufficient for some of the methods like ambient air capture. For others like ocean iron fertilisation current international mechanisms though relevant still require modification. Some of the methods requiring trans-boundary activity and have trans-boundary effects require nations to have new international mechanisms. One method requiring new international mechanisms is space-based mirrors and stratospheric aerosols. Before deployment of such methods such as solar radiation management and carbon dioxide removal, there must be appropriate governance mechanisms and this call for analysis to determine whether existing national, regional and international mechanisms are appropriate to manage geoengineering. Ethical considerations are a must even if we have to seek ways to minimize risks of global warming. There are debates whether geoengineering is warranted ethically and some arguments of this seek to extend moral concern towards nonhuman environment. For example, people have to conquer natural forces threatening their survival. Adaptation to effects of global warming like mega-storms and rising sea levels shows that nature is the victor in the man-nature struggle. Geoengineering projects apply technology to overcome nature and to convert natural environments to built environments. Some have argued that it is a moral imperative to conquer nature. There is an ethic of control requiring humans to manage natural environment while treating soils, fauna, atmosphere and flora as resources for use. Those who are for ethic of restraint however resist temptation of natural environment exploitation. Geoengineering methods are though to be aligned with an ethic of control but not merely that of r estraint. On ethical matters, there appears to be a conflict between the present and the future generations. Some of the projects favoured by current generations with idea that they will not affect the future generations are however not aligned with interests of these projects. There is insufficient scientific certainty that may prevent adoption of cost effective measures to evade causing harm to future generations and degradation of environment. Anthropogenic GHG emissions continue to rise since rich nations undertake projects without consent of poorer ones while the poorer nations with a right to development may initiate their projects. The debate remains on collective actions while the levels of emissions are still increasing (Robock, 2009). Geoengineering technologies may slow down the global hydrological cycle (Hoffman, 2010). Several studies have proposed geoengineering schemes that will reduce amount solar radiation that is absorbed by planet earth. From sunshade geoengineering schemes, it has been reported that global warming as a result of increasing concentration of carbon dioxide can be mitigated intentionally through manipulation of amount of sunlight absorbed through the climate system. Insolation reductions aimed at offsetting the global temperature increase usually lead to a decreased global average precipitation. This happens because solar forcing more effectively drives global mean evaporation changes compared to amount of carbon dioxide forcing which is of the same magnitude. Insolation changes come with larger changes in surface radiative fluxes and this is compensated by larger changes in sensible and latent heat fluxes. Hydrological cycle is so sensitive to temperature adjustment through the changes in insolation. This is a clear indication that geoengineering technologies through alteration of solar forcing offsets hydrological and temperature changes. Geoengineering technologies have serious effects on ecosystems. The mitigation effects are somehow ineffectual in reduction of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. Coral reefs are one of the most sensitive ecosystems to climate change. They are two groupings of solar radiation; long-wave carbon dioxide removal and shortwave solar radiation management. Some of these techniques only reduce some of the effects but create other problems. They dont affect carbon dioxide levels and thus rarely address its side effects like ocean acidification that is important for coral reefs. Solar radiation is important for survival and growth of coral, therefore solar radiation management is not appropriate for coral reefs ecosystems (Royalsociety.org, 2009). Calcifying marine organisms like crustaceans, corals, and molluscs are adversely affected by these technologies. Marine life ahs millions of lives that can be destroyed through the current technologies aimed at checking the climate change. Thoug h they are good remedies to reduce effects on humans, marine life has been put at risk. Even iron filings that are used to enhance growth of phytoplankton are still not good to marine life 100%. Aerial spraying, aerosol emissions, chemtrails or the so called cirrus clouds have been created through geoengineering technologies. These chemicals have heavy metals that may cause dementia symptoms associated with Alzheimers disease. Chemtrails affect localized weather where a clear blue sky may be turned into a hazy overcast. Some of the chemicals from chemtrails have high concentrations of Lead (8.2 ppm) and Barium (6.8 ppm). There are traces of other elements such as selenium, cadmium, chromium and arsenic which are so toxic. Exposure to Barium can cause chest and stomach pains and weakening of the human immune system (Robock, 2009). Barium causes asthma and its a powerful suppressant of the immune system. This is weather modification that has also affected the water supplies and agricultural crops. Weather modification using geoengineering technologies may in the long run affect all ecosystems through reduction of water supplies, crop production, water availability and changing the agricultural crops production cycles. Due to the increasing effects of global warming and the greenhouse gases, use of geoengineering technologies is a great idea. This is because even if there are side effects we cant just ignore the new inventions by our scientists as we continue to suffer. Its one of the methods that we can apply in minimizing the high concentration of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere. We cannot however use it as a substitute but we need to have it as a preventive measure when the concentrations of carbon dioxide are so high in the atmosphere. We should use geoengineering when we have to reduce adverse effects of climate change. It is important that we use geoengineering in controlling greenhouse gases like harmful methane which is capable of staying in the atmosphere for a very long period of time. Reduction of such gases in the atmosphere is less painful than reduction of carbon dioxide. Technologies to perform such prevention measures are already in existence and are economically and politically ea sy to handle. Personally, I believe we need to have more research on this topic before we decide to use it on the large scale (Schwartz, 2009). alisoncrawford19760http://www.blogger.com/profile/01251117235336990655noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6359760172812990422.post-6542478916750491762020-01-20T03:35:00.001-08:002020-01-20T03:35:03.728-08:00Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Character Sketch of Chaucers Knight in General Prologue :: Canterbury Tales Essays A Character Sketch of Chaucer's Knight in General Prologue Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, written in approximately 1385, is a collection of twenty-four stories ostensibly told by various people who are going on a religious pilgrimage to Canterbury Cathedral from London, England. Prior to the actual tales, however, Chaucer offers the reader a glimpse of fourteenth century life by way of what he refers to as a General Prologue. In this prologue, Chaucer introduces all of the characters who are involved in this imaginary journey and who will tell the tales. Among the characters included in this introductory section is a knight. Chaucer initially refers to the knight as "a most distinguished man" (l. 43) and, indeed, his sketch of the knight is highly complimentary. The knight, Chaucer tells us, "possessed/Fine horses, but he was not gaily dressed" (ll. 69-70). Indeed, the knight is dressed in a common shirt which is stained "where his armor had left mark" (l. 72). That is, the knight is "just home from service" (l. 73) and is in such a hurry to go on his pilgrimage that he has not even paused before beginning it to change his clothes. The knight has had a very busy life as his fighting career has taken him to a great many places. He has seen military service in Egypt, Lithuania, Prussia, Russia, Spain, North Africa, and Asia Minor where he "was of [great] value in all eyes (l. 63). Even though he has had a very successful and busy career, he is extremely humble: Chaucer maintains that he is "modest as a maid" (l. 65). Moreover, he has never said a rude thing to anyone in his entire life (cf., ll. 66-7). Clearly, the knight possesses an outstanding character. Chaucer gives to the knight one of the more flattering descriptions in the General Prologue. The knight can do no wrong: he is an outstanding warrior who has fought for the true faith--according to Chaucer--on three continents. In the midst of all this contenton, however, the knight remains modest and polite. The knight is the embodiment of the chivalric code: he is devout and courteous off the battlefield and is bold and fearless on it. alisoncrawford19760http://www.blogger.com/profile/01251117235336990655noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6359760172812990422.post-50253033803386208362020-01-11T23:59:00.001-08:002020-01-11T23:59:04.796-08:00Major League Baseball and Nippon Professional BaseballBaseball is an international sport played by young and old, amateurs and professionals. After Team USA failed to win the 2006 and 2009 World Baseball Classics, Barry Bloom wrote in March 2009, ââ¬Å"And now it can't be ignored: The U. S. is no longer the undisputed leader of the game that was invented on its own soil. â⬠(Bloom, 2009) The World Baseball Classic, sanctioned by the International Baseball Federation and supported by professional baseball leagues from around the world, is the first international baseball tournament to feature players from major leagues around the world (International Baseball Federation, 2010). The inaugural World Baseball Classic was played in 2006. The second was held in 2009, with tournaments to be held every four years (International Baseball Federation, 2010). Team Japan, Nippon Professional Baseball, won the first two World Baseball Classics while Team USA, Major League Baseball, finished sixth in 2006 and fourth in 2009. The basic objective in baseball is to win by scoring more runs than your opponent. Rule 1. 1 of Official Baseball Rules states, ââ¬Å"Baseball is a game between two teams of nine players each, under direction of a manager, played on an enclosed field in accordance with these rules, under jurisdiction of one or more umpires. â⬠(Major League Baseball, 2010, p. 1). The infield is a 90 foot square and the pitchers mound is 60ââ¬â¢6â⬠from home plate. The ball is round and ââ¬Å"formed by yarn wound around a small core of cork, rubber or similar material, covered with white horsehide or cowhide, tightly stitched together. â⬠(Major League Baseball, 2010, p. ). The bat, one piece of solid wood, is a ââ¬Å"smooth, round stick not more than 2. 61 inches in diameter at the thickest part and not more than 42 inches in length. â⬠(Major League Baseball, 2010, p. 6). While the rules and objectives are generally the same, just what differences exist between Major League Baseball and Nippon Professional Baseball? Major League Baseball is divided into two leagues with a total of thirty teams. The National League is comprised of sixteen teams and the American League is comprised of fourteen teams. The thirty teams play a 162 game schedule and compete for eight post-season playoff spots and teams are named after the city or state they represent. In contrast, Nippon Professional Baseball is divided into two leagues with a total of twelve teams. Six teams comprise both the Central and Pacific Leagues. The twelve teams play a 144 game schedule and compete for six post-season playoff spots and the teams are named after the company that owns them. Major League Baseball games are scheduled for nine innings. If the score is tied at the end of nine innings, play continues until a winner is determined; no matter how long it takes (Major League Baseball, 2010, p. 37). However, tie games are a possibility in Nippon Professional Baseball games. Similar to Major League Baseball, Nippon Baseball games are scheduled for nine innings. In contrast, if the score is tied at the end of nine innings, the teams play three additional innings. If no winner is determined, the game is called a draw (Williams, 2009). Major League Baseball players and managers place an emphasis on home runs and pitching. Former Baltimore Orioles Manager Earl Weaver said, ââ¬Å"The key to winning baseball games is pitching, fundamentals, and three run homersâ⬠(Baseball Almanac, 2011). By contrast, Nippon Professional Baseball managers place less emphasis on home runs. Instead they focus more on the fundamentals of bunting, base running and fielding. Because of these differences, Nippon baseball games typically have closer and lower final scores (Hardcastle, 2006). Major League stadiums are standardized (Major League Baseball, 2010, p. 2). Infields and outfields are well-groomed grass or synthetic turf. Nippon Baseball stadiums, on the other hand, are smaller and irregularly shaped. The outfields are grass while almost all of the infields are dirt (Yates, 2005). While the rules are generally the same, Major League Baseball has more teams, plays more games, games do not end in a tie and teams are named after the city or state they represent. Players and managers focus on home runs and pitching and the stadiums are standardized and infields well-groomed. On the other hand, Nippon Professional Baseball has less teams, play less games, allows ties and the teams are named after the company that owns them. The focus is on bunting, base running and fielding and the stadiums are smaller and most infields are dirt. No matter the similarities and differences, both Major League Baseball and Nippon Professional Baseball have the same objective. Score more runs than your opponent! alisoncrawford19760http://www.blogger.com/profile/01251117235336990655noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6359760172812990422.post-66258577189786841062020-01-03T20:21:00.001-08:002020-01-03T20:21:03.526-08:00Paid Time Off ( Pto ) - 1443 Words Introduction Paid time off (PTO) is the system accumulate all kinds of identified leaves and specify as a bulk number for everyone, as sick leaves, vacation leaves, and personal leaves, this policy prevails in the USA as such no legal obligation for a minimum number of paid vacation days. The PTO works best in the culture and accountable employeeââ¬â¢s environment existing. US companies commonly regulate the amount the pay day off that will be allocated to each employee. in addition, The PTO approach govern, the whole lot from planned leaves to sick leaves. without differentiate any type of leaves, all treats as sum lump. research show that maximum the businesses begin using the PTO approach before the year 2000. The PTO system allowed employees to take time off without any restriction imposed through traditional time off policies. the tactic provides employees with countable days that assign individually in the system, upon usage of the leaves, the system automatically reduces the remaining balance day. employees can employ their allocated days in their own personal, using the leave paid off leave system, without having to specify any reasons. employers can advantage from PTO asking the employees to determine their leaves in advance and employer can plan for lost workdays and creating a family environment through the organization. Corporations usually provide variety of leaves (personal, sick, maternity, veteran) as privilege that employees respect, although itââ¬â¢s notShow MoreRelatedPaid Time Off ( Pto ) Essay1625 Words à |à 7 PagesIntroduction Paid time off (PTO) is the employer pools sick days, vacation days, and personal days that allows the employees to utilize upon need. this policy pertains mainly in USA as such no legal requirement for minimum number of paid vacation days. the PTO works best in the culture and accountable employeeââ¬â¢s environment existing. US companies determine the amount off the pay day off that will be allocated to each employee. In general way PTO system cover, everything from planned vacation toRead MorePaid Time Off (Pto) Policies1726 Words à |à 7 PagesTraditional leave systems separate time off into vacation, sick leave, personal leave, and other types of leave. In contrast, paid time off (PTO) banks typically combine all time off benefits into one cumulative bank of days which an employee can draw upon for any need. The delineations of such plans vary by employer (Lindemann Miller, 2012). In an organization, employees may receive time off for as compensation benefits. This may incl ude sick leave, personal leave, vacations, holidays, etc. DifferentRead MoreBenefits Of A Paid Time Off Essay1566 Words à |à 7 PagesIntroduction Paid time off (PTO) is the system employer use to accumulate all kind of leaves as sick days, vacation days, and personal days that allows the employees to use upon need. this policy works mostly in the USA as such no legal obligation for a minimum number of paid vacation days. the PTO works best in the culture and accountable employeeââ¬â¢s environment existing. US companyââ¬â¢s regulator the amount off the pay day off that will be allocated to each employee. a general way, PTO system coverRead MoreEssay On Paid Time Off1484 Words à |à 6 PagesIt is apparent that paid time off can offer many benefits to employees and employers aside from just simply reducing occurrences of unscheduled time off, likewise, a paid-time-off (PTO) policy has other benefits such as PTO, makes employees more productive, increases retention rates, makes the company more attractive to new hires, and helps prevent people from feeling guilty about taking time off. All in all, incorporating PTO can a ppear as a frightening challenge, although the process will differRead MoreBenefits Of Paid Time Off Essay1547 Words à |à 7 Pagesââ¬Æ' Introduction Paid time off (PTO) is system employer use to accumulate all kinds of leaves as sick days, vacation days, and personal days that allow the employees to use upon need. this policy works mostly in the USA as such no legal obligation for a minimum number of paid vacation days. the PTO works best in the culture and accountable employeeââ¬â¢s environment existing. US companyââ¬â¢s regulator the amount the pay day off that will be allocated to each employee. a general way, The PTO system cover,Read MoreA Brief Note On Hansen Mechanical Contractors ( Hmc )1515 Words à |à 7 Pagesway sick time and personal time off (PTO) is paid and taken. In past years (up until 2013) sick time was only able to be taken in the calendar year and if not taken would be lost. Each employee was given seven sick days per year. Sick time could not be rolled over or cashed out at the end of the year. HMC decided starting January 1, 2014 that they would change this policy in hopes of giving their emplo yees an incentive to not use sick time and take less days off per year. Sick time was changedRead MorePaid Time Off1288 Words à |à 6 PagesCaveman-like policy on paid time off (ââ¬Å"PTOâ⬠) to the new unlimited PTO means to eliminate ââ¬Å"vacation daysâ⬠and ââ¬Å"sick daysâ⬠or a specific number of days given to employees to take off each year. Instead, company would allow employees to take as much as they need without being docked any pay. Before moving on to choosing the more suitable PTO policy, we do a research and analysis to have a better understanding about the new unlimited PTO policy. On one hand, the new unlimited PTO policy has some advantagesRead MoreBenefits And Benefits Of Employee Satisfaction1611 Words à |à 7 Pagesdollars. Paid time off (PTO) is another benefit that an employee will receive if with a large organization that offers this benefit. It is a policy the combines: sick time, personal time, and vacation into a single bank for days for employees to use when taking paid time off from work. Employees get to use their PTO at their discretion. PTO gives employee the option to use it when they most need it. This can be for a sick day or even a vacation day. Paid vacation are days that the employee is paid whenRead MoreEssay On Employment Contract899 Words à |à 4 Pagesconsideration of the promises and other acceptable and relevant consideration, the parties agree as follows: 1. Employment The Employer agrees to hire Employee and Employee agrees to serve Employer as its PARALEGAL. The Employee agrees that s/he will at all times perform all duties required of the paralegal position faithfully and to the best of his/her skills, experience and talents. Along with duties and responsibilities, Employee shall comply with all Employer procedures, policies, and rules and regulationsRead MoreUniversity Health Systems Is The Leading Trauma Center For South Texas1671 Words à |à 7 Pagesthis organization offers employees. They do offer a large PTO amount each payday; however that is used for everything such as, sick leave, holiday pay, and vacations. If one of the departments is closed for the holiday then you are forced to take PTO even if you do not want to. During the first year of employment, full-time staff accrues 28 days at the rate of 8.62 hours every two weeks. The accrual rate increases with each year of full-time service, up to a rate of 38 days per year (University Health alisoncrawford19760http://www.blogger.com/profile/01251117235336990655noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6359760172812990422.post-22286712014548369372019-12-26T16:48:00.001-08:002019-12-26T16:48:03.319-08:00Impact of Public Debt Burden on Economic Growth of... Impact of Public Debt Burden on Economic Growth of Bangladesh: A VAR Approach Md. Hashibul Hassan Lecturer Department of Finance Jagannath University Dhaka, Bangladesh. Email: hashibulhassan@yahoo.com Tahmina Akhter Lecturer Department of Finance University of Dhaka Dhaka, Bangladesh. Email: tahmina25@gmail.com Impact of Public Debt Burden on Economic Growth of Bangladesh: A VAR Approach Abstract Bangladesh is relying heavily on public debt to meet the budget deficit since its independence. In this paper, the objective is to find out whether the government of Bangladesh is excessively borrowing from the public sources and thus negatively affecting the economy of the country. For this purpose GDP growth rate (GDP), manufacturing sectorâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦However in Bangladesh very few studies have been done using the Vector Auto-regressive model, to identify the impact of public debt burden on the economic growth of the country. Fosu (1996) investigated the debt overhang hypothesis by studying 13 severely indebted countries- Zambia, Venezuela, Sierra Leone, Philippines, Peru, Morocco, Mexico, Kenya, Honduras, Egypt, Ivory Coast, Argentina and Algeria. The sample period was 1971 to 1991 and the author used OLS estimation method for panel data. The author found the negative and robust relationship between investment and external debt. Qureshi amp; Ali (2010) analyzed the impact of high public debt burden on the economy of Pakistan. The sample of the study was 1981 to 2008. From their study a vast negative impact of public debt on the economy of Pakistan had been found by the authors. Ahmed amp; Shakur( 2011) performed a research to highlight the problems created by the debt (external debt) to economic growth of Pakistan. They have used the unit root test and Johansen co-integration to analyze time series data from FY 1981 to FY 2008. The Granger Causality Vector Error Correction (GCVEC) method proved unidirectional relationship between external debt and growth rate of GDP per capita. Wijeweera, Dollery amp; Pathberya (2005), investigated the connections between external debt servicing and economic growth in Srilanka during 1952-2002 by using co-integration methodology for the long run errorShow MoreRelatedSummer Internship Report on Mutual Fund : Performance Evolution Marketing20554 Words à |à 83 PagesIndia in a small way with the UTI Act creating what was effectively a small savings division within the RBI. Over a period of 25 years this grew fairly successfully and gave investors a good return, and therefore in 1989, as the next logical step, public sector banks and financial institutions were allowed to float mutual funds and their success emboldened the government to allow the private sector to foray into this area. The advantages of mutual fund are professional management, diversification alisoncrawford19760http://www.blogger.com/profile/01251117235336990655noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6359760172812990422.post-5117431828257164332019-12-18T12:37:00.001-08:002019-12-18T12:37:02.962-08:00Native American Genocide Essays - 1362 Words b. causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;brc. deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;brd. imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;bre. forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.br(Destexhe).brbrIn this paper, I will argue that the act of genocide as here defined, has been committed by the United States of America, upon the tribes and cultures of Native Americans, through mass indoctrination of its youths. Primary support will be drawn from Jorge Noriegas work, American Indian Education in the United States. The paper will then culminate with my personal views on the subject,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In 1820, the United States made plans for a large scale system of boarding and day schools Noriega, 377). These schools were given the mission to, instruct its students in letters, labor and mechanical arts, and morals and Christiani ty; training many Indian leaders Noriega, 378). In the case of boarding schools, Native American children would be forcibly stripped from their homes as early as five years old. They would then live sequestered from their families and cultures until the age of seventeen or eighteen (Noriega, 381). brbrIn 1886, it was decided, by the United States federal government that Native American tribal groups would no longer be treated as indigenous national governments. The decision was made, not by the conjoint efforts of the Native American tribes and Congress; but, by the powers that be the United States Legal System. This self-ordained power allowed Congress to pass a variety of other laws, directed towards, assimilating, Native Americans, so that they would become a part of mainstream white America (Robbins, 90)brbrBy this time the United States Government, had been funding over a dozen distinct agencies, to provide mandatory education to all native children aged six through sixteen. En rollment was enforced through leverage given by the 1887 General Allotment Act, which made Natives dependent on the Government forShow MoreRelatedThe Native American Genocide2545 Words à |à 11 PagesRaquel Medina Professor Gomez Eng. 101 5/4/16 The Native American Genocide As one begins to compare genocides and holocausts, it is hard to remain unbiased. Of Course there are dissimilarities, mostly semantic, between these two horrendous acts. Regardless, the fact is that both these words are used to explain the immense killings done with the objective of annihilating an entire race of people .Holocausts and Genocides are disgusting both in its drive and the scale of their destruction. Both shouldRead MoreThe Genocide Of The Native Americans1516 Words à |à 7 PagesCristina Savaglio Prof. Di Lorenzo History 203 24 November 2014 The Genocide of the Native Americans Early European colonization of the Americas was initially marked by both exchange and conflict. When the English colonists arrived in the Americas most Indian tribes welcomed them. Many Indians believed the settling colonists would assist in protecting their tribe from other powerful tribes in the area, because the colonists had access to weapons. In exchange for this added protection, the IndiansRead MoreNative American Genocide Essay1057 Words à |à 5 PagesNative American Genocide project Essential Question: Why do terrible things happen and what can be done about it? The genocide I want to research is the Native American. I would like to research this because I have always been interested in Natives/Indians since I was little and I want to know how cruel it was for the Natives and why the Americans wanted to kill them and use them as slaves. Many people have said that the natives have had the worst genocide of them all. The Natives Culture,Read More Holocaust vs. Native American Genocide Essay961 Words à |à 4 Pages The term genocide brings awful things to mind. For most, it probably directs their attention towards the Holocaust; this was definitely a gruesome and obvious example of genocide, but there are many others with great similarities that are not very well known. One of these is the decimation of the Native American population by the European settlers and the atrocious things that were done to them such as the trail of tears following the Indian Removal Act of 1830 during the settling of North AmericaRead MoreThe Trail Of Tears : A Story Of The Native American Genocide Essay1778 Words à |à 8 PagesThe Trail of Tears; A Story of the Native American Genocide In 1492 native Americans discovered illegal immigrants invading their country. It has been a downhill fight for natives ever since. As more settlers arrived on the East Coast, an attitude became prevalent within the European communities that it was their right to expand cities across America in the name of progress and economic development. The manifest destiny was more of a feeling rather than a written statement which lasted from theRead MoreManifest Destiny and the Genocide of the Native American Indian1366 Words à |à 6 Pagesideal affect the Native Americans in the 1830ââ¬â¢s? II. Methods a. Research about the origins of Manifest Destiny and the history of the Native Americans from 1830 to 1839. There were two websites that we particularly helpful to me. Reliability, how recently it was updated and how easily it could be edited by Internet users were the main criteria used when selecting a website. b. Writing a rough bibliography y about the topic c. Selection and reading of books pertaining to Native Americas, and ManifestRead MoreNative American Genocide5146 Words à |à 21 PagesWas U.S. Policy Toward Native Americans During the Periods of Expansion, Colonization, and Early U.S. an act of Genocide ? ââ¬Å"To conquer a nation, one must first disarm its citizens.â⬠- Adolf Hitler, 1933 Abiona Yemane US History Ms.Brown Section F Independent Research Project 4 June 2014 Introduction In August of 1492 Columbus set sail from Spain hoping to soon arrive in Asia, but a few months later he arrived in the Bahamas and claimed it as new land. HeRead MoreProfiling And The Genocide Of The Native Americans1976 Words à |à 8 Pageswill discuss what profiling is how long itââ¬â¢s been around on earth and if itââ¬â¢s a thing were born with or obtained. It will also bring up examples of genocides, and mass hate throughout the various civilizations around the world. Events like the holocaust and the Pearl Harbor bombing aftermath. Also segregation and the genocide of the Native Americans by Christopher Columbus. We will see how diversity can drive people mindless and irrational. We will also see how people react when their safety is inRead MoreThe American Holocaust : The Conquest Of The New World1183 Words à |à 5 PagesThe American Holocaust ââ¬â The Conquest of the New World The book I chose from the reading list of nonfiction books was The American Holocaust ââ¬â The Conquest of the New World by David E. Stannard. In this nonfiction book, David E. Stannard describes in horrifying detail, the destruction and holocaust of nearly all early American societies that resulted from the European contact with the Western Hemisphere. I did not choose this book for any specific reason, but I thought it would be an interestingRead MoreHow is the extinguishing of the Jewish and Native American races similar?1743 Words à |à 7 PagesI will be researching extinguishing of the Jewish and Native American races; the reasoning behind the atrocities, the suffering, and the aftermath. Both groups of people were stripped of their rights. The Native Americans were simply denied their rights and in Germany, during World War II, the Jewish populationââ¬â¢s rights were taken away. The plight of the Native American expanded over a longer time period, but there race was practically eradicated. The systematic state-sponsored murder of six million alisoncrawford19760http://www.blogger.com/profile/01251117235336990655noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6359760172812990422.post-18302244625890846772019-12-10T09:20:00.001-08:002019-12-10T09:20:02.760-08:00Process Approach Model Question: Discuss about theProcess Approach Model. Answer: Introduction: In this assignment, an analysis tool has been examined that can help an organization to get competitive advantage. The analysis tool is named as the process approach. Three major components of this model are like management process, realization process and support process. The intend of this assignment is to develop in depth understanding about the process approach model to ISO 9000 family of the Quality management standard of system. This assignment will also act like guidance for the application of this model to any management system irrespective of the size and type of the company. As Weske (2012) stated that, along with management system there various other fields in which this model can be applied. They are like business risk management, social responsibility, Occupational health and safety, and environment. In this assignment, at first the process approach model has been analyzed and then it has been discussed how Woolworths can apply this model in its management to improve its business operation. What are the Essentials of the Process Approach Model? According to Post and Preston (2012), a process is a Set of interrelated or interacting activities, which transforms inputs into outputs. According to the sub clause 0.2 of ISO 9001:2008, Process approach is The application of a system of processes within an organization, together with the identification and interactions of these processes, and their management to produce the desired outcome, can be referred to as the process approach (Chase 2012). It has been found that while implementing this approach, a company has to define the types and number of processes that is required to be fulfilled for its business objectives. However, some typical processes have been identified. They are such as management processes, realization processes, support processes. They are mentioned below: Management Processes According to Huczynski (2012), management process is related with development of organization policies, strategic planning, establishing business objectives, and development of effective communication. It also helps to ensure the availability of resources so that a company can fulfill the objectives and get positive outcome. Realization Processes As Hitt et al. (2012) mentioned that, it includes all processes, which provide the desired outcomes for a company. They are such as development of appropriate business structure, proper communication system and appropriate promotional activities. Support Processes According to Lee et al. (2012), the Support process is also known as analysis, measurement and improvement process. Weske (2012) stated that support process includes the processes needed to measure and gather data for performance analysis and improvement of effectiveness and efficiency. They include measuring, monitoring, auditing, performance analysis and improvement processes (for corrective and preventive actions). Measurement processes are often documented as an integral part of the management, resource and realization processes; whereas analysis and improvement processes are treated frequently as autonomous processes that interact with other processes, receive inputs from measurement results, and send outputs for the improvement of those processes. According to Weske (2012), performance of a company can be enhanced with the help of process approach model. In this model, all processes are managed as a system. The process networks and their interactions can define this system. Hence, this model can create a better understanding about the added value. Huczynski (2012) mentioned that, The consistent operation of this network is often referred to as the system approach to management. Often it has been found that, all the processes of an organization are interrelated. Output of one process can be input to other process. The concept and the use of this model for the management system of an organization has been given below: Figure 1: Process approach model and its implication (Source: Scheer 2012) The purpose of implementing process approach is to improve effectiveness and efficiency of an organization to achieve the defined objectives. In accordance to ISO 9001:2008, it means enhancing customer satisfaction by meeting their all requirements (Chase 2012). The benefit of using this approach is that, it can provide predictable, consistent and improved outcomes. (Kapferer 2012) stated that, this model can align and integrate all the processes of an organization to achieve desired outcomes. How does Woolworths use this model? Company Woolworths can use the following methodology to apply any kind of process within the organization. They are mentioned below: Step 1 Process identification Step 2 Planning of the process Step 3 Implementation and measurement of the process Step 4 Analyzing the process Step 5 Improvement of the process Figure 2: Stages of Process approach model (Source: Lee et al. 2012) Process Identification In order to conduct the first step, the management of Woolworths has to follow a number stage. These stages are described below: Figure 3: Stages related with Process identification (Source: Post and Preston 2012) Woolworths has to determine which processes needs to be documented depending on the type and size of the company, complexity and criticality of the process and its interactions and availability of qualified personnel. Planning of the Process In this stage, the management of the company needs to define the interaction and sequences of activities within the process. After that, the management of the organization has to measure and monitor the requirement of the process. As Lee et al. (2012) stated that, it includes factors like wastes, on time delivery, customer satisfaction, performance of suppliers. Implementation and Measurement of the Process Woolworths can implement this model for activities such as change management, communication, training, management involvement and developing awareness among employees (Post and Preston 2012). Analyzing the Process In order to quantify the performance of the process, the management of the organization needs to evaluate and analyze the process information obtained from measuring and monitoring data. The management of the company has to compare the performance of the process with process requirements in order to confirm its effectiveness. Improvement of the Process The management of the organization needs to apply Risk analysis tools in order to analyze the potential problems related with the implementation of the model. The management has to identify the root causes of the problems and eliminate them. They can use Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) methodology to define, implement and control the corrective actions. Conclusion In this assignment, the importance of process approach model has been discussed. Different processes related with this model have been analyzed. Then it has been discussed how the management of the company Woolworths can implement this model within the organization. References Chase, J., 2012.Operations management. Tata McGraw-Hill. Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R.E., 2012.Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Huczynski, A., 2012.Management gurus. Routledge. Kapferer, J.N., 2012.The new strategic brand management: Advanced insights and strategic thinking. Kogan page publishers. Lee, H., Kim, M.S. and Park, Y., 2012. An analytic network process approach to operationalization of five forces model.Applied Mathematical Modelling,36(4), pp.1783-1795. Post, J. and Preston, L., 2012.Private management and public policy: The principle of public responsibility. Stanford University Press. Scheer, A.W., 2012.Business process engineering: reference models for industrial enterprises. Springer Science Business Media. Weske, M., 2012. Business process management architectures. InBusiness Process Management(pp. 333-371). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. alisoncrawford19760http://www.blogger.com/profile/01251117235336990655noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6359760172812990422.post-35758732669549774972019-12-02T21:01:00.001-08:002019-12-02T21:01:03.871-08:00The history of radiation therapy machines Essay ExampleThe history of radiation therapy machines Essay Prior to the advent of ionizing particle beams, medicine had few options for treating some malignant and benign diseases. Physicians needs for new techniques to address these problems formed a vacuum, clearly demonstrated immediately following the discovery of X-rays in November 1895. By the first few months of 1896, X-rays were being used to treat skin lesions prior to any understanding of the beams physical or biological characteristics. The driving force was, of course, patients overwhelming need of treatment for uncontrollable and debilitating diseases. Radiation medicine developed over four major eras: the era of discovery, from R intents discovery to about the late sass; the orthoclase era, from the late o sass through World War II; the megavolt era, which began with higher-energy lanais for therapy in the sass, and, with refinements such as intensity-modulated X- ray therapy (IMMIX), is still ongoing. Within this scheme, the roots of BIT fall into the third or megavolt phase, with the first treatment of humans in 1954. J. M. Slater Department of Radiation Medicine, Loam Linda University Medical Center, 11234 We will write a custom essay sample on The history of radiation therapy machines specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The history of radiation therapy machines specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The history of radiation therapy machines specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Anderson street, SSP A-OHIO, Loran Linda, CA 92354, USA e-mail: [emailprotected] Lump. Du U. Line (deed. ), Ion Beam Therapy, Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engagement, DOI 10. 1007/978-3-642-21414-1 1, Springer-Average Berlin Heidelberg 2012 3 4 These eras represent a continuum rather than a succession of distinct periods, but are a convenient way to assess the evolution of ART and BIT as a sophisticated part of it. In each era, the fundamental impetus for improvements came from patients needs for effective disease control while retaining or improving quality of life. These needs aroused the curiosity of physicians, physicists, and biologists, who, in their own ways in each of the eras, performed studies aimed at better understanding the tools they were working with and learning how to use them optimally for patients benefit. A kind of teamwork occurred in all of the eras, although often no formal teams existed; an overarching goal better patient treatment guided the efforts. The development of ion beams is part of this process. 1. 1. 1 The Discovery Era During this period of 30-35 years, the roots of ART were established. This era saw the coverer of the atom and various subatomic and electromagnetic particles; investigators strove to learn how to use them therapeutically. The salient discovery was R intents in 1895 [1], although X-rays were produced o earlier if unwittingly by others [2]. His report was followed soon by Becquerels on the phenomenon of radioactivity [3] and, in 1898, by that of the Curies on the discovery of radium [4]. Becquerel and Curie reported on the physiologic effects of radium rays in 1901 [5]. Such discoveries stimulated speculation that radioactivity could be used to treat disease [6]; indeed, X-rays were used to treat a patient with areas cancer in January 1896 [7]. By 1904, ART texts were available [8, 9]; reports of the use of X-rays and radium (characterize) occurred throughout the first decade of the twentieth century. In retrospect, it is clear that lack of knowledge of the biological effects and mechanisms of actions of the new rays led to much morbidity and poor cancer control [10]. However, such outcomes led physicians to ponder better modes of delivery; radiologists to study the effects of the rays on cells; and physicists to investigate the properties of these newly discovered radiations. Physics research led o the discovery of radioactive isotopes, which later were used for interactivity and interstitial therapy; the same research led ultimately to an understanding of the structure of the atom. As the era progressed, biologists began to understand the relationship between time and dose on cell survival. A crucial discovery occurred when Regard [1 1] and Couture [12] studied alternative ways of delivering the total radiation dose. Until that time, treatment was generally administered in one or a few large doses. Regard demonstrated that fractionated therapy would eradicate cooperativeness rearmament; Couture later showed that applying external beam therapy similarly could control head and neck cancer without the severe reactions and late effects that single large doses caused. These findings established that normal cells are better 1 From X-Rays to Ion Beams: A Short History of Radiation Therapy able to recover from radiation injury than cancer cells and led radiation therapists to employ dose fractionation. During this era also, Coolidge developed a practical X-ray tube, allowing physicians to deliver higher-energy X-rays (180-200 xv) to deeper tumors [13]. Until then, X-rays ere used mainly to treat superficial tumors. High-voltage transformers were also developed. Subsequently, physicists and engineers developed techniques to better measure the dose of radiation with X-rays. The path to charged-particle therapy begins with Ernest Rutherford, whose work spurred understanding of atomic structure. Rutherford explained radioactivity as the spontaneous disintegration of atoms; he helped determine the structure of the atom; and he was the first to note that one element could be converted to another. A complete bibliography of Rutherford works is available online, as part of a impressive site devoted to him [14]. The reader is referred to that source for publications relating to discoveries noted herein. In 1896, Rutherford began to use X-rays to initiate electrical conduction in gases; he repeated the study with rays from radioactive atoms after Becquerels discovery. In 1898, he discovered that two separate types of emissions came from radioactive atoms; he named them alpha and beta rays, the latter of which were shown to be electrons. He showed that some heavy atoms decay into lighter atoms, and in 1907 demonstrated that the alpha particle is a helium atom stripped of its electrons. He and Geiger developed a method to detect single particles emitted by radioactive atoms. He investigated whether alpha particles were reflected from metals, discovering that some alpha rays were scattered directly backward from a thin film of gold; a massive yet minute entity, the atomic nucleus, turned back some alpha particles. In 1911, Rutherford proposed the nuclear model of the atom. One of his students, Nielsen Boor, placed the electrons in stable formation around the atomic nucleus; the Rutherford-Boor model of the atom, with later modifications, became tankard, and Rutherford scattering is still used today in basic and applied research. Wilhelm Wine, in 1898, had identified a positively charged particle equal in mass to the hydrogen atom. In 1919, Rutherford demonstrated that nitrogen under alphabetical bombardment ejected what appeared to be nuclei of hydrogen; a year later, he equated the hydrogen nucleus with the charged entity that Wine had discovered. He named it the proton. The discovery of X-rays, then gamma rays, then the structure of the atom with electrons, protons, and neutrons marked the first era. It was one of physical and illogical experimentation to determine and understand the characteristics of the newly discovered beam and the effects of such rays on cells and tissues. Especially following the work of Rutherford, radioactive elements were also identified and diligently studied, as well. As treatment began with these new types of radiation prior to adequate knowledge of their characteristics and effects, errors were made and patients were injured. However, as knowledge and understanding increased during this era, two major divisions of radiation medicine diagnosis and therapy were developing; reared, some of them successfully. 1. 1. 2 The Orthoclase Era The period from roughly the late sass to 1950 encompasses this era. Patients needs for treatment of deep tumors were addressed largely by radium-based interactivity and interstitial irradiation, in the absence of deeply penetrating external beam sources. It was also a transitional period: physical developments that led t o superlative (apron. 500 xv-2 NV) ART were being made [15]. During the sass, advances in physics and engineering led to increased understanding of subatomic particles and techniques for energize and focusing them. The first superlative X-ray tubes, built by Coolidge [16], were the basis of the linear accelerator, developed by Widere in 1927 and described in a German Journal in 1928. E. O. Lawrence, despite knowing little German, used Widerex.s equations and drawings to conceptualize the cyclotron [17]. By the late sass, particle accelerators began to be constructed. Following the invention of the linear accelerator, devices operating on the principle of applying a potential difference were developed by Van De Graff in 1929 [18] and by Cockcrows and Walton in 1932 [19, 20]. The cyclotron, also based on the principle of applying a difference in potential, was invented in 1930 by Lawrence and Livingston [21]. At Lawrence laboratories at the University of California, Berkeley, accelerated particles were used to bombard atoms of various elements, forming, in some cases, new elements. Lawrence brother, John, a physician, along with Robert Stone, pioneered neutron radiation for medical treatments [22]. Electron beam therapy became a practical and useful therapeutic option in 1940, when Serest developed the beetroot [23, 24]. The first machine produced 2 Move electrons; later devices yielded up to 300 Move. Medical research in particle therapy was largely sidelined during World War II, but high-energy physics investigations were spurred, notably in the effort to develop an atomic bomb. Some who worked on it, notably Robert R. Wilson, became instrumental in the development of 1ST. One major advance during this period was the synchrotron, conceived independently and at about the same time (1944-1945) by Vessels in the Soviet Union and McMillan in the United States. McMillan gave priority to Vessels [25]. The central concept was phase stability, by which high energies could be achieved without the need to build ever larger cyclotrons. Phase stability became the basis for all heightening proton and electron accelerators thereafter. More importantly for medical use, the synchrotron made it easier to vary the energy of acceleration and thus the depth of penetration in tissue needed for optimal radiation treatments. The first, the Commotion at Brookhaven National Laboratory, began operation in 1952 [17]. 1. 1. 3 Megavolt Era noted, in some respects it is still in progress. A major advance, in response to 7 the continuing need to treat tumors located in deep tissues, was the development of ball telegraphy machines and megavolt linear electron accelerators. Cobalt telegraphy was capable of producing beams equivalent to approximately 1. 3 NV X- rays. Electron lanais began to become clinically available as early as the mid sass [26], but widespread application occurred in the sass and sass. Their higher energies (4-6 Move in earlier machines; 10-20 Move in later units) made possible increased depth of penetration, greater skin sparing, and improved disease-control rates, which often doubled or tripled, through delivery of higher doses [27, 28]. There as still a major limitation, however, because the radiation sources, X-rays or gamma rays (cobalt), were difficult to control as they passed through tissue: they scattered laterally and passed beyond their targets, exiting patients opposite the point of entry and causing excessive radiation in normal tissues surrounding the tumors. To overcome this, radiation oncologists and medical physicists developed multiplied treatment plans to spread unwanted radiation to larger volumes of normal tissue, thereby reducing the high dose to any one region. This tactic helped to reduce visible effects, but also increased the total dose delivered to normal tissues (volume integral dose). Doses sufficient to control many tumors were still unattainable because of continued acute complications and late effects caused by injury to normal tissues. During this era, radiation medicine advanced as a discipline. Well-designed clinical studies demonstrated the efficacy of modern methods of delivering ART. One of the earliest was done by Gilbert Fletcher at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital; it demonstrated clearly that megavolt treatment resulted in improved survival in cancer of the uterine cervix [29]. The founding of the American Society for Therapeutic Radiologists (ASTRAY) in 1966 (originally the American Club of Therapeutic Radiologists, founded in 1958) occurred partly as a means of encouraging careful studies such as those done by Fletcher. As time progressed, radiation therapists began to emphasize themselves primarily as radiation oncologists; in 1983, the organization became the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTOR) [30]. In many respects, the megavolt era is still in progress, although the development of higher-energy electron accelerators is quite mature. In recent years the emphasis in photon ART has been on conformal techniques, featuring computerized control and approaches such as IMMIX. The intent, as has been true throughout the megavolt era, is to deliver a more effective dose to the target volume while reducing the dose to tissues that do not need to be irradiated. One might think of it as the multipart approach brought to its logical conclusion; indeed, the approach was anticipated by rotational arc therapy, popular for a time in the sass and sass. IMMIX can conform the high dose to the target volume, but the modality employs a greater number of imposed of photons; their absorption characteristics in tissue remain unchanged. 8 1. 1. 4 The Era of Ion Beams The groundwork for BIT was laid in 1946 when Robert R. Wilson wrote the landmark paper in which he proposed that protons accelerated by machines such as Lawrence could be used for medical purposes as well as scientific investigations [31]. In a conversation with the author, Wilson said that his insight was inspired by the medical work that Lawrence and Stone had done at Berkeley. In the immediate postwar years, higher-energy accelerators were Just becoming available. Wilson seasoned that protons, among the charged particles, offered the longest range for a given energy and were then the simplest and most practical for medical use. Willows interest in the medical use of protons never ceased. When he was selected as first director of the National Accelerator Laboratory (later Ferreira), he encouraged the idea of a proton treatment facility. In 1972, Ferreira investigators proposed such a facility. However, physicians in the Chicago area advocated a neutron facility at the laboratory instead. After Wilson resigned the directorship in 1978, others at Ferreira, mongo them Miguel Shallow, Donald Young, and Philip Lividly, continued to believe in a patient-dedicated proton facility. The first clinical use of a proton beam occurred at Berkeley in 1954 [32]; limited investigation proton treatment lasted for a few years afterward, until Berkeley scientists, notably Cornelius A. Tibias, began investigating biologically similar helium ions. Tibias was a nuclear physicist who, early in his career, became interested in applying physics to biology and medicine. His fundamental research interest was on the effects of ionizing radiation on living ells, and he, like Wilson, foresaw the advantages of therapeutic ion beams long before most radiation oncologists did [33, 34]. Proton therapy (OPT) began to spread to other physics laboratories around the world. The second use of a physics research accelerator for OPT occurred in Pascal, Sweden in 1957. Physicians at MGM, led by a neurosurgeon, Raymond Goldberg, began employing protons in 1961 for neurological radiographers; pituitary adenoma were first so treated at Harvard in 1963 [35], followed by fractionated OPT for other malignant tumors in 1973 [36, 37], under the leadership of Herman D. Suit. Proton beam therapy began at Audubon, Russia (then USSR), in 1967; subsequently, other Russian facilities began operating at Moscow in 1969 and at SST. Petersburg in 1975. The Japanese experience began in 1979, at Chief; another facility opened at Tissues in 1983. At the Swiss Institute for Nuclear Research (now the Paul Scorcher Institute), OPT commenced 1985 [38]. The development of the worlds first hospital-based proton facility began in 1970 at LUMP with a feasibility study that revealed three major missing supportive developments that prevented optimal use of protons for patient treatments: imputer competence, digital imaging (computerized tomography scanning), and nomination pattern superimposed on the patients anatomy and thereby plan treatments with the precision necessary to realize the benefits from these well- controllable charged 9 Fig. . 1 Examples of data output from the computer-assisted treatment planning systems developed at LUMP in the sass. The image from the first (ultrasound) planning system, for a patient treated in 1973, is shown at left; a planning image from the second LUMP system, which employed CT scans, is shown at right for a patient treated in 1978. In addition to reproduction of the patients anatomy, the CT- base d system allowed assessment of density variations as the X-ray beams passed through tissue particle beams (CB. Chap. 34 for details). Industry provided sufficient computer competence and the needed imaging technology by the early sass. LUMP investigators began developing the concepts needed for computer-assisted radiation treatment planning in the late sass and completed the first unit, utilizing ultrasonically, in the early sass [39]. In the mid-sass, this was converted to a CT- based unit, using one of the first GE scanners developed (Fig. . 1). This system provided electron density data, which made possible placement of the Bragg peak precisely within the designated treatment volume [40]. Michael Gotten at MGM expanded the planning system to three-dimensional capabilities, thus providing excellent treatment-planning capabilities for heavy charged particles [41, 42]. The establishment of such planning systems provided one of the essential prerequisites for proton (and other heavy charged-particle) ART [43]. By 1984, all prerequisites for establishing optimal ion beam facilities for clinical use were in place. This was clearly agonized by some of the staff at Ferreira and at the MGM and LUMP departments of radiation medicine. The author approached the leadership of Ferreira, Deputy Director Philip V. Lividly and Director Leon M. Alderman, who agreed to provide Ferreira support for developing a conceptual design for such a clinical facility; to continue with development of an engineering design; and to produce the accelerator, beam transport, and beam delivery systems for LUMP to begin OPT clinical trials (Figs. 1. 2 and 1. 3). A major turning point in OPT, therefore, occurred in 1990, with the opening of he worlds first hospital-based proton treatment center at LUMP. This event occurred more than 20 years after the author and colleagues began to investigate and work toward developing such a facility [44, 45]. Protons were selected as the particle of choice at LUMP because the relatively low LET of protons as compared to that of heavier ions would allow selective 10 Fig. 1. 2 Leon Alderman, Ph. D. , Director of Ferreira from 1979 to 1989; recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1988. In 1986, Dry. Alderman approved Forelimbs collaboration with LUMP in developing the worlds first hospital-based proton reattempt center destruction of the invasive cancer cells growing among normal cells, as had been demonstrated for many years and documented by the worldwide data from using photons (X-rays). By this period, the ROBE was known to be very similar for the two kinds of radiation. Loam Linda investigators realized that optimal applications and accumulation of meaningful clinical data could be made only in a facility designed to support patient needs and to operate within a medical environment, with access to a large patient volume and the supporting services available in a medical center. To date, over 15,000 patients have been treated at LUMP. Protons were not the only particles investigated for therapy. In the sass and sass, some physicists and radiation biologists were enthusiastic about the therapeutic possibilities of negative pi-mesons and ions heavier than the hydrogen nucleus. It was then not a given in the minds of many that the particle employed most commonly would be the proton. Basing their suggestions on the pinion capture phenomenon, Fowler and Perkins proposed pi-mesons for clinical use [46]. Pinions were expected to become clinically ascribable [47], and trials were conducted at three centers: Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Paul Scorcher Institute in Switzerland, and TRITIUM, in British Columbia, Canada. Although some successful outcomes were reported [48-50], in general, the anticipated clinical outcomes did not materialize. 11 Fig. 1. 3 Two Ferreira personnel who helped make the hospital-based proton center at LUMP a reality. Philip Lividly (left) was Deputy Director of the laboratory in 1986, when the decision was made to proceed with the center. Lividly had been a colleague of Robert Wilson; he shared Willows commitment to proton therapy. Lee Tent, Ph. D. Right), shown with the Loam Linda proton synchrotron under construction in the late sass, was the chief designer of the accelerator Helium ion therapy was begun at Berkeley by Tibias and colleagues in 1957 [51]; some notable outcomes supervened [52-54]. Clinical studies with heavier ions were begun by Joseph R. Castro and associates in 1974 [55, 56]; Tibias elucidated the molecular and cellular radiology of the particles [57]. Advantages of heavy ions, though appealing theoretically, were not well-understood clinically; the Berk eley studies were undertaken partly to help develop this understanding. Several trials notably specialized indications such as bone sarcomas and bile duct carcinomas [58- 60]. However, the cost of developing and delivering heavy ions eventually could not be Justified by the relatively limited patient experience, as had been true in the pinion trials [61]. Studies of heavy ions shifted to Japan and Germany, under the leadership of such individuals as Horopito Tutsis at Chief and Gerhard Kraft at Dramatic. Today, several ion beam facilities operate around the world, including facilities in the United States, Japan, Germany, Russia, France, Canada, China, England, Italy, South Africa, South Korea, Sweden, and Switzerland. Most centers offer protons, but carbon ion therapy is available at HIM (Chief) and HIBACHI (Tattoos) in Japan, and at HIT (Heidelberg), in Germany. The two latter centers offer both protons and carbon ions [62]. Thousands have been treated to date with carbon ion therapy [63, 64], but Kickoff and Line note that systematic experimental studies to find the optimum ion have not yet been pursued [65]. They speculate that ions with atomic numbers greater than 6 are unlikely to undergo a clinical revival, but those with atomic numbers between 1 and 6 may be alternatives to carbon. 1. 2 Perspective The development of 18TH was a response to the need to preserve normal tissue as much as possible, so as to lessen the side effects and complications that often barred delivery of sufficient dose levels to control tumors, even in the mature megavolt era. Investigations by physicists and radiation biologists from the sass to the sass pointed to the supe riority of charged particles in comparison to photon and neutron beams. Both Wilson and Tibias told the author that they found it easier to explain and demonstrate the advantages of protons and other ions to fellow scientists than to physicians. As evidence mounted, however, some physicians recognized the physical attributes of ions and were able to understand how these attributes would translate into clinical advantages beneficial to patients. From the clinicians point of view, the advantages ultimately rested on the fact that ion beams are precisely controllable in three dimensions, while photon and neutron beams are less controllable in two dimensions and are uncontrollable in the third. The controllability of ion beams, in the hands of skillful physicians, provides a superior tool for cancer therapy and for dealing with difficult-to-treat benign sissies. Curing patients who have solid tumors requires controlling those tumors at their site or region of origin. Normal-tissue damage, whether occasioned by surgical trauma or effects of radiation or chemotherapy, restricts the ability to ablate malignant cells. Keeping the volume integral dose to normal tissues as low as possible is a fundamental issue in radiation medicine. Rubin and Creates demonstrated that there is no safe radiation dose, in terms of avoiding sequel in irradiated normal tissues [66]. Later, Rubin and colleagues noted a cascade of cytokines in mouse fibrosis [67]. Biological studies are now commonly finding other injury mechanisms. Research, therefore, is always ongoing to develop new techniques to overcome these imposed limitations of normal-cell damage. Proton and other charged-particle beams are one outcome of such research. Any radiation beam, regardless of the basic particle employed, can destroy any cancer cell or any living entity if the dose is high enough. Historically, therefore, the limiting factor in radiation medicine has been the normal cell and the need to avoid irradiating normal tissues, so as to permit normal-tissue repair and avoid reattempt-compromising side effects. This was the fundamental reason behind dose fractionation and multipart techniques. During the early years of radiation medicine, the major problem of practitioners was their inability to focus the invisible radiation beam precisely on the invisible tumor target. Improvements in imaging technologies, along with computer-assisted, CT-based radiation treatment planning, enabled radiation oncologists to deliver precision external-beam radiation treatments to any anatomic site. This advance was limited, however, because conformity with photon beams, which has reached a high degree 3 Fig. . 4 An example of improved controllability needed to spare normal tissues from unnecessary radiation. A 3-field proton plan (left) is compared with a 6-field IMMIX plan for treating a large liver cancer. Both modalities effect similar high-dose coverage of the clinical target volume (red outline), but the superior controllability of the proton beam enables the physician to avoid most of the normal liver tissue receiving low-dose irradiation in the IMMIX plan of precision with IMMIX, requires a trade-off: an increased normal-tissue volume integral dose. Ion beams forming a Bragg peak offer a means to achieve the needed increased conformity I. E. , sparing a greater volume of normal tissue (Fig. 1. 4) because of their charge and increased mass. Physicians using ion beams can now plan treatments to place the Bragg peak in targeted tissues and avoid unacceptable normal-tissue effects. Such capability is facilitated not only by precision therapy planning but also by precision positioning and alignment (CB. Chaps. 33 and 34). This creates a new focus for research and development in the upcoming era. Included in this era, one can expect studies on cell organelle effects with each particle and delivery technique used, and ultimately, biological dosimeter to be developed and merged with physical dosimeter for further improvements in treatment planning. We can also expect to use much more optical imaging fused with our more conventional imaging techniques to better understand the physiological attributes and biological effects of targeted cells and nearby normal cells following treatment. In future years, this increased understanding of cell physiology should help provide a more reasonable rationale for selecting the particle alisoncrawford19760http://www.blogger.com/profile/01251117235336990655noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6359760172812990422.post-31166470309916273912019-11-27T07:11:00.001-08:002019-11-27T07:11:04.144-08:00Synopsis of Jewish History essaysSynopsis of Jewish History essays Most educated people in the world today believe that the holocaust was a pivotal moment in Jewish history and led to the establishment of the state of Israel. But this theory is simplistic. It does not take into account the many factors in history that led to the establishment of the state of Israel. Also in a historical context, in the two events took place to close together for one to have such an impact on the other. The holocaust in Europe took place between 1938 and 1944, and the establishment of Israel took place in 1948 a mere four years later. The full extent Of Germanys crimes during world war two were not fully understood for many years. It is hard to understand the historical context for these events. To understand one must look at the events as if theyre on a timeline. Most people look at all these events as occurring on one timeline. That is a false premise; I propose these events happened on overlapping timelines. The first starting with the expulsion of the Jews from Israel by The Romans and ending with the holocaust in Europe. The second starting with the trial of Dreyfus in Paris in 1907 and then continuing through the establishment of the state and ending in 1967. The first time line could be identified as Jews as piraha and the second could be identified as Jews as the underdog. Lets look at the second timeline first, and the first timeline second. The second line was born of the first. It is represented best by the Zionist movement. The philosophy of Zionism was first articulated by Leo Pinkster, a Jew from Odessa, in 1881. After the Pogroms that year Pinkster wrote Autoemmancipation, a pamphlet that called for an independent Jewish State. Zionism didnt gain widespread notoriety until the writing of Theodore Herzel. Herzel, a Hungarian born journalist had made a modest name for himself writing in Vienna. In 1894, Herzel covered the... alisoncrawford19760http://www.blogger.com/profile/01251117235336990655noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6359760172812990422.post-30758178908699076312019-11-23T14:45:00.001-08:002019-11-23T14:45:03.462-08:00Cjs 230 Week 5 Assignment EssaysCjs 230 Week 5 Assignment Essays Cjs 230 Week 5 Assignment Essay Cjs 230 Week 5 Assignment Essay Prison Systems CJS/230 March 28, 2010 Axia College of the University of Phoenix In the United States of America, there are several different types of incarceration facilities that criminal offenders, both convicted and accused my end up. The two most distinguishable different facilities post-conviction are the state prison systems and the federal bureau of prisons. These units house a wide array of criminals, from the lowest of low scum to the high profile ââ¬Å"Hannibal Lectorâ⬠types. The range of crimes is equally different, from sexual offences and aggravated murder charges all of the way down to so called white collar crimes and too many DWIââ¬â¢s. In short, the intricate designs and diversity contribute to an experience all to its own. First of all, we are going to discuss state prisons. They are exactly what they sound like ââ¬â a prison that is run by the state that the jurisdiction falls under. It is said that the bulk of the one million-plus felons that reside in the United States are housed in state ran correctional institutions (Foster, 2006). According to Newsweek columnist Dahlia Lithwick, ââ¬Å"The United States, with 5 percent of the worlds population, houses nearly 25 percent of the worlds prisonersâ⬠(Lathwick 2009). Although the basic standards have been set and put forth by the American Correctional Association or ACA for short, the states have different laws and regulations that may vary from state to state. For examples, some states allow capital punishment, while others do not. The prisons within the states also depend on the specific needs of the offender, as well as custody levels, which we will get into further later on in the writing. The general purpose of a prison is to confine felons to a term that was set during their trial as a punishment for the type of conviction that they have received for a committed crime. Their length of stay may depend on several things, including parole, behavior, crime-type and state laws that vary. The history begins with people trying to find a more humane punishment for criminals several hundred years ago, and is still developing to this very day. They began as an isolated punishment from criminals and then developed into places with better lighting and ability for guarded supervision. Over the years, they went from labor intensive models, to working models, doing community services among other things. They also had developed types of penal institutions that facilitated factory labor, such as license plates, and agriculture unites that grow things. Some of these practices are still used today. For example, they make road signs and have food farms in Texas for both agriculture produce and livestock alike. Panopticon was a prison with light from the top due to the glass roof. This was proposed by a man named Jeremy Bentham. The Pennsylvania and Auburn model penitentiaries became the easiest and most popular types due to the economical and financial ease. Industrial prisons were perfected in the late 1800ââ¬â¢s and early 1900ââ¬â¢s, and then stepped down in popularity to the agriculture prison, or prison farm. Also, work camps did public works projects. Todayââ¬â¢s prisons typically have five different custody levels (or a combination of). You have maximum security units, which are heavily secured and more isolated with far less offender movement then the lower custody upgrades. This is sometimes referred to as closed custody, or administrative segregation. You also have close-high-security prisons. This is close to the high risk, but gives a little bit more freedom within the unitââ¬â¢s confines. Medium-risk offenders typically see newer units with double fences and a higher guard-to-inmate ration. According to Foster (2006), about thirty-five percent of offenders fall into this category. From there, you have the minimum security prisons. Smaller prisons with fewer internal controls and a larger ration to guards and inmates dictate these facilities. Finally, you have what is commonly known as trustees, or open-security facilities. They hardly resemble prisons, and typically donââ¬â¢t even have locked doors or fences to confine the inmates. Other prison types include the infamous super-max unit that holds the most evil and deadly of inmates to the highest custody level possible and special housing units with security conditions similar to super-max farms, but house disciplinary offenders for shorter periods rather then long-term. There are many differences in the state prison systems out there. For example, custody levels, as previously mentioned, are typically governed by the crime that the criminal has committed and the security threat that they are classified as having. They also have to keep in mind that there are rules that must be followed, and as such, the frequency and severity of the infractions, usually called ââ¬Å"good timeâ⬠, can lower or raise the level of custody. You also have to take into consideration the types of units out there and their purpose in order to adequately describe the variances. Some are meant to educate and rehabilitate, as well as others are designed to progressively prepare offenders for re-entry into society. You also have units that are designed to produce and do work, or create food for the prison system, and others that are designed solely to segregate the problem-offenders from the rest of the general population. There are several differences, but in contrast, they all have several things in common. For starters, they are housing felons. Security and punishment is a common denominator. Federal prisons were established by Congress in 1930. Some things in consideration are unit management, mandatory literacy, gender-neutral employment, family culture and legal standards. The criminal types are those that have been convicted in Federal court for a multiplicity of crimes, ranging from white collar to extremely violent. They have minimum, low, medium, high and administrative maximum security levels. The conditions are typically better then state prison, and have a greater budget to work with. Being in prison is not meant to be fun. Criminals reside in state and federal prisons because they did something that is illegal. As such, they are punished, and the type of crime usually dictates the level of custody. Some units can help you become more educated, while others will lock you in a cell and allow you do ââ¬Å"hard timeâ⬠. One thing is for sure; prison is constantly developing, and will be every changing forever. References Foster, B. (2006). Corrections: The Fundamentals. Prentice-Hall, 123(5). Retrieved on March 28, 2010 using the University of Phoenix database. Lithwick, D. (5 June, 2009). Pour Real Prison Problem. Newsweek, June 2009 Issue, pg 1(4). alisoncrawford19760http://www.blogger.com/profile/01251117235336990655noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6359760172812990422.post-14133929205863767192019-11-21T05:13:00.001-08:002019-11-21T05:13:14.178-08:00Reflect on a time when you challenged a belief or idea. What prompted Essay - 1Reflect on a time when you challenged a belief or idea. What prompted you to act Would you make the same decision again - Essay Example Having been brought up from a Christian background, I do not doubt God, but it was worth to build up some level of skepticism. My action was instigated after having read an article on how one of the biggest Christian churches that I always believed in was being suspected to perform fake miracles. At first, it was not very much convincing, and I thought the writing was simply compiled by nonbelievers who were out to contradict just to contradict Christianity and presence of God. However, after a proper investigation I was meant to understand that indeed there are some churches that are out to confuse people and reap at the expense of the followers. Moreover, it was pointed out that some of the Christian based churches perform fake miracles just to draw attention of the believers and to gain recognition that they are the true churches of God. Since then, I have formed some level of skepticism as to which is the true church. If I am given a similar opportunity today, I will defend my position to doubt the presence of a Christian based independent alisoncrawford19760http://www.blogger.com/profile/01251117235336990655noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6359760172812990422.post-52588748192125083672019-11-20T02:09:00.001-08:002019-11-20T02:09:03.709-08:00Strategic Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 wordsStrategic Planning - Essay Example The entrepreneur of the organization strongly believes that launching transportation service, incorporating leadership skills, personal development and healthy living training will offer these people a foundation for independent living. To fulfill these objectives the entrepreneur needs a strategic plan and an action plan for proper strategic plan implementation to develop this organization. This paper will make an attempt to form such a strategic plan and its implementation to achieve the objectives. Strategic planning TDL Ventures is an entrepreneurial non-profitable organization specially supporting the visually challenged persons. To develop business, this organization needs a strong strategic intent which will enable the organization to provide clarity about its actions to realize its future aspiration. This strategic intent will provide clarity, focus and inspiration at a time of hindrance to re-energize the staffs of this organization and rebuild the programs to achieve their vision and mission. Thus this organization needs to develop a plan with long-term view and take steps to implement this plan for effective and efficient functioning of the firm. To successfully achieve these long-term objectives TDL Ventures must develop strategic plans, operating plans, business plans and case statements. At first, a strategic plan has to be adopted which will guide the organization to effectively and efficiently fulfill its mission. It should mention the objectives of the organization and goals to be achieved. Then the prioritization of objectives along with mentioning the necessary steps of action and needful resources to achieve them are worked out. These strategic plans should be adopted for a longer time frame i.e. 3-5 years. Secondly, an operational plan needs to be formed to accomplish the goals mentioned precisely in the strategic plan. This plan will mention the time frames of the operations and the roles of individuals associated with it. This plan is gen erally for a short term period i.e. a fiscal year. After all these above mentioned plans are settled, the matter dealing with the performance and investments to generate income from the organizational services and products will get priority. To resolve this issue a business plan has to be formed which will include information about the services and products provided by TDL Ventures. It will also enable it to analyze the external environment and make assumption of the future revenue generation. The last and the most vital thing to be done is the formulation of case statement. It will help this organization in the fundraising and marketing issues. This case statement will mention the goals, strengths, capabilities and the benefits the organization provided to its clients. One of the major issues the case statement addresses is fund mobilization for TDL Ventures. It will enable it to secure funds from the NGOs, foundations, charitable trusts, corporate donations, charitable donors and the philanthropists. (Mittenthal, 2002; Sloner, Shepard, & Podolny, 2008, pp. 27-31) Implementation of the plans: Objectives of the organization TDL Ventures: To be a non-profitable organization providing social support to visually challenged people. To provide support for spiritual, physical and mental awakening of their clients. To develop the healthy and independent lifestyle within their clients. To guide their clients to achieve success in every aspects of life. Tasks and task ownership: In this alisoncrawford19760http://www.blogger.com/profile/01251117235336990655noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6359760172812990422.post-22066195108591330162019-11-17T14:40:00.001-08:002019-11-17T14:40:05.602-08:00The Systematic Oppression of the Jews Essay Example for Free The Systematic Oppression of the Jews Essay The Holocaust will forever be remembered as the systematic genocide of the Jewish people, when approximately six million Jews in Europe were murdered under the Nazi regime. The question that comes to mind is why did nobody stop this event or speak against the horrors that occurred in the ghettoes or concentration camps? How could this happen in the 20th century, when the human race was thought to be evolved and modernized? It occurred because there was a history of persecution, exploitation, anti-Semitism, and hate for the Jews, especially in Germany; as we have read in the articles and texts, the systematic elimination began during the 1930s when the Nazis enacted laws that effectively sequestered the Jewsââ¬â¢ human rights. In March 23, 1933, Hitler was able to attain the majority in the Reichstag, the ruling German Parliament. On this day, he was able to pass the Enabling Act which, ââ¬Å"Authorized the government to issue legislation on its own responsibility, even if that legislation deviated from the Reich Constitution (Dawidowicz, A Holocaust Reader, 35). â⬠We could say this was the beginning of the end for the Jews, as it enabled Hitler and his Nazi party to pass laws that would effectively take away the rights of the Jews. The Enabling Act was just the first step of many which would allow for the state-sponsored roundup and mass-murder of the Jews. The first law aimed at the Jews, or ââ¬Å"non-Aryansâ⬠, was The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, which was passed on April 7, 1933. It dismissed non-Aryan civil servants, clerical employees, workers, and professionals. And on that same day, non-Aryan lawyers were denied admission to the bar. This ensured that there wouldnââ¬â¢t be anyone to speak up against the Nazi regime, or defend the Jews. It also made those Jews unemployed, and they could only inquire employment opportunities within their neighborhood or Jewish community. It was the first step in removing Jews from public life and from then on the German government followed Nazi ideology. On April 11, 1933, ââ¬Å"An implementing decree appeared, defining ââ¬Å"non-Aryanâ⬠status (Dawidowicz, A Holocaust Reader, 36). â⬠This decree established that one was considered a Jew if one parent or grandparent was of Jewish faith. This decree also required that everyone have credentials of their family tree in order to prove their German heritage and blood. This was another step taken to separate the Jews and their German/Aryan counterparts. This decree identified individuals as Jews, and thus made them easier targets for the ensuing laws that were planned to be enacted by the Nazis, and eventual imprisonment in ghettoes. On April 25, 1933, the Law Against the Overcrowding of German schools and institutions of Higher Learning was passed. This law put a quota of how many non-Aryan Jews could attend school, and eventually prohibited them from education. The Nazis wanted to ensure that the children were not educated; Perhaps they did not want them near other German schoolchildren. Also, this aided their state-sponsored discrimination, as German school children were taught to feel superior to other races. The Reich Citizenship Law was passed on September 15, 1935. This declared German citizenship only to those of ââ¬Å"German or kindred bloodâ⬠Citizenship is ââ¬Å"only that subject of German or kindred blood who proves his conduct that he is willing and suited loyally to serve the German people and the Reich (Dawidowicz, A Holocaust Reader,45). â⬠This law certainly separated the Jews from the German people as it took citizenship away from the Jews. The Jews were no longer protected by the State, even though the Enabling Act was already passed that allowed the Nazis to create laws that did not follow the German Constitution. They were pushed to the fringes of society. Even the exemptions for Jewish War Veterans was removed. Another reason why this was an important law was that it removed the Jews from elections, as only Reich citizens were allowed to vote. If one was not German and part of the Reich, they were not allowed to vote; This seems like a prelude to the German people following the Nazi party because laws were implemented that demanded people to join the Nazi party before joining certain organizations, or working for certain institutions, and eventually voting. Finally, The Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor, forbade marriage and sex between Jews and those of German or kindred blood. It further isolated Jews from the population. It also further defined one as a Jew if one was a mischling, or mixed descent. Another decree also required that Israel and Sarah be added to names of Jews, and required the Star of David badge and armband to further separate Jews. Eventually laws took Jewish property, business, industry, and put them under police surveillance. The Jews were no longer part of society, but viewed as lower beings. They were a group of ââ¬Å"otherâ⬠things, who did not have rights or property. Not only did the Nazi regime effectively remove Jews from public life, but they oppressed them slowly. The Jews who were so used to migrating and being discriminated against could not have possibly predicted what was going to happen to them. The Nazis groomed the German population to believe that they were superior beings. This led to pogroms, such as Kristallnacht, when Germans destroyed the glass windows of Jewish owned shops. Violence against property eventually became violence against their Jewish neighbors, and eventually murder. With the state sponsoring this type of behavior and nobody in the government to protect their rights, the Jews had nowhere to go, not even Germans who they used to call friends. ââ¬Å"To restore Germany to its former greatness, Hitler believed that the Jews had to be purged from the political and public life of the German nation and removed from all positions of political, social, or cultural influence (Dawidowicz, A Holocaust Reader, 35). â⬠The Nazis successfully removed the Jews from public life because they were able to enact laws that slowly took away their human rights. The laws deprived Jews of equal rights; They enabled persecution, dehumanization, and made Jews outcasts of German society. The Jewish people had endured such a long history of exile, violence, and bloodshed that they did not foresee how these laws were preparation for the Holocaust. alisoncrawford19760http://www.blogger.com/profile/01251117235336990655noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6359760172812990422.post-33645647548870416592019-11-15T03:12:00.001-08:002019-11-15T03:12:03.749-08:00superman for president Essay -- essays research papers When we think of the office of President, what kind of person comes to mind? Does he have to be wise and make good decisions? Does he have to look good in a suit? Maybe he should just be a person that you trust in to keep The United States of America running smooth. Well if that is what you think of when you think of the President, my candidate is all of that plus much more. Superman would be the perfect commander in chief of these United States. The first of my candidates multiple qualities is respect for the people. Past presidents didnââ¬â¢t have that characteristic. He realizes that the people come first, that is the whole purpose of becoming the president. Serving the citizen would be his number one priority. When he was working for a newspaper company, he used to secretly go out and save peopleââ¬â¢s lives, putting his own life in danger. Rescuing old ladies from burning buildings, helping the police bring down some of the toughest villains, he even will get a cat stuck in a tree to come down. The second of my clientââ¬â¢s endless amount of outstanding qualities is his ability to make quick and precise decisions. We need a president that will not crack under the pressure of making an important choice for this country. The September 11th incident would be the perfect example. There is a better way to handle this than just bombing everywhere. If Superman were president the planes would have been stopped in their tracks and placed safely on the ground. The economy is another area t... alisoncrawford19760http://www.blogger.com/profile/01251117235336990655noreply@blogger.com0